Bacterial pathogens have specific virulence factors (e.g., toxins) that contribute significantly to the virulence and infectivity of microorganisms within the human hosts. Virulence factors are molecules expressed by pathogens that enable colonization, immunoevasion, and immunosuppression, obtaining nutrients from the host or gaining entry into host cells. They can cause pathogenesis by inhibit...

INTRODUCTION Contaminated sponges might lead to cross-contamination in kitchens since they can transfer microorganisms to surfaces where microorganisms can survive for hours or days and contaminate food. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the transfer and the survival of bacteria from kitchen sponges to surfaces of AISI 316 stainless steel and polyethylene. METHODOLOGY Twenty-fo...

This paper presents a series of tests on cold-formed stainless steel bolted connections. The test specimens were fabricated from three different types of stainless steel, including austenitic stainless steel EN1.4301 (AISI 304) and EN1.4571 (AISI 316Ti having small amount of titanium) as well as lean duplex stainless steel EN1.4162 (AISI S32101). The material properties of the three types of st...

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze, with the aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the chemical and structural changes in metal brackets subjected to an in vitro biodegradation process. Methods: The sample was divided into three groups according to brackets commercial brand names, i.e., Group A = Dyna-Lock, 3M/Unitek (AISI 303) and Group B = LG standard edgewise, American...

در صنعت پالایشگاه و پتروشیمی‌ها به دلیل وجود تجهیزات تمام فلزی محیط اسیدی خوردگیتنشی زیاد است با توجه افزایش کاربرد فولادهای زنگ نزن این صنایع پژوهش بررسی اثر ضربات امواج اولتراسونیک بر رفتار خوردگی فولاد 316 (S.S 316) می‌پردازیم. هدف از تأثیر روش تنش‌زدایی برافزایش مقاومت قطعات محیط‌های خورنده است. لازم ذکر که، تنش پسمان نمونه‌ها جوش‌کاری ایجادشده ابتدا نمونه مدنظر استفاده ارتعاش تحت فرکانس 20...

Three common serial data standards, RS-232, RS-422, and RS-485, are described by specification and electrical interface. Cable termination techniques, use of multiple loads, daisy-chaining of RS-232, conversion of RS-232 to RS-485, conversion of RS-485 to RS-232, and RS-232 port-powered RS-485 conversions are described.

The aim of this study was to determine the potential application of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), N,N-dichloro-2,2-dimethyltaurine (NVC-422), and N-monochloro-2,2-dimethyltaurine (NVC-612) as catheter lock solutions for the prevention of catheter blockage and catheter-related bloodstream infections by testing their anticoagulant and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities in human blood. NCT, NVC-422,...