The Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) of operation has been standardized by NIST to provide singlepass authenticated encryption. The GHASH authentication component of GCM belongs to a class of WegmanCarter polynomial hashes that operate in the field GF(2). We present message forgery attacks that are made possible by its extremely smooth-order multiplicative group which splits into 512 subgroups. GCM us...

OBJECTIVE To investigate intrinsic viscoelastic changes using shear wave velocities (SWVs) of spastic lower extremity muscles in patients with early spinal cord injury (SCI) via acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging and to evaluate correlation between the SWV values and spasticity. METHODS Eighteen patients with SCI within 3 months and 10 healthy adults participated. We applied the ...

Wind turbines generate electricity by removing kinetic energy from the atmosphere. Large numbers of wind turbines are likely to reduce wind speeds, which lowers estimates of electricity generation from what would be presumed from unaffected conditions. Here, we test how well wind power limits that account for this effect can be estimated without explicitly simulating atmospheric dynamics. We fi...

The sensitivity of the tropopause height to various external parameters has been investigated using a global circulation model (GCM). The tropopause height was found to be strongly sensitive to the temperature at the earth’s surface, less sensitive to the ozone distribution, and hardly sensitive at all to moderate changes in the earth’s rotation rate. The strong sensitivity to surface temperatu...

The multi-key, or multi-user, setting challenges cryptographic algorithms to maintain high levels of security when used with many different keys, by many different users. Its significance lies in the fact that in the real world, cryptography is rarely used with a single key in isolation. A folklore result, proved by Bellare, Boldyreva, and Micali for public-key encryption in EUROCRYPT 2000, sta...

Robust video multicast in erasure networks using network coding (NC) to reduce the impact of packet loss is studied in this paper. In our proposed solution, random linear network coding (RLNC) is adopted at intermediate nodes of the network. RLNC linearly combines a group of packets by randomly selecting weighting coefficients on a finite field, and the loss of an RLNC-coded packet is equivalen...

Climate change information is essential for water resources management planning, and the majority of research available uses the global circulation model (GCM) data to project future water balance. Despite the fact that the results of various GCMs are still heterogeneous, it is common to utilize GCM values directly in climate change impact assessment models. To mitigate these limitations, this ...

The climatology of the OPA/ARPEGE-T21 coupled general circulation model (GCM) is presented. The atmosphere GCM has a T21 spectral truncation and the ocean GCM has a 2°]1.5° average resolution. A 50year climatic simulation is performed using the OASIS coupler, without flux correction techniques. The mean state and seasonal cycle for the last 10 years of the experiment are described and compared ...

Cell specification in the nervous system requires patterning genes dictating spatio-temporal coordinates as well as fate determinants. In the case of neurons, which are controlled by the family of proneural transcription factors, binding specificity and patterned expression trigger both differentiation and specification. In contrast, a single gene, glide cell deficient/glial cell missing (glide...

This study uses an empirical downscaling method based on self-organizing maps (SOMs) to produce highresolution, downscaled precipitation projections over the state of Pennsylvania in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States for the future period 2046–65. To examine the sensitivity of precipitation change to the water vapor increase brought by global warming, the authors test the following t...