Defects in the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) tumor suppressor gene have been found in many human cancers including breast and prostate. Here we show that PTEN suppresses androgen receptor (AR) activity via a phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase/Akt-independent pathway in the early passage numbers prostate cancer LNCaP cells. We provide the direct links between PTEN ...

Constitutively active androgen receptor (AR) variants have been involved in the expression of mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin in prostate cancer (PCa). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. It remains unclear, whether N-cadherin gene (CDH2) is a direct transcriptional target of AR variants or whether the observed upregulation is due to indirect effects through addi...

The classical integer valued first-order autoregressive (INA- R(1)) model has been defined on the basis of Poisson innovations. This model has Poisson marginal distribution and is suitable for modeling equidispersed count data. In this paper, we introduce an modification of the INAR(1) model with geometric innovations (INARG(1)) for model- ing overdispersed count data. We discuss some structu...

PURPOSE Mechanisms mediating androgen receptor (AR) reactivation in prostate cancer that progresses after castration (castration-resistant prostate cancer; CRPC) and subsequent treatment with abiraterone (CYP17A1 inhibitor that further suppresses androgen synthesis) remain unclear. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Prostate cancer xenografts were examined to identify mechanism of progression after castrati...

Androgens signal through the androgen receptor (AR) to regulate male secondary sexual characteristics, reproductive tract development, prostate function, sperm production, bone and muscle mass as well as body hair growth among other functions. We developed a transgenic mouse model in which endogenous AR expression was replaced by a functionally modified AR transgene. A bacterial artificial chro...

The aim of this chapter is to present the K-Ar and Ar-Ar dating techniques in the context of noble gas studies, since there are already several recent texts on K-Ar and ArAr dating (Dickin 1995; McDougall and Harrison 1999). The focus of this section will be aspects of argon transport and storage in the crust, which affect K-Ar and Ar-Ar dating including Ar-loss from minerals by diffusion and A...

The exaggerated flux through polyol pathway during diabetes is thought to be a major cause of lesions in the peripheral nerves. Here, we used aldose reductase (AR)-deficient (AR(-/-)) and AR inhibitor (ARI)-treated mice to further understand the in vivo role of polyol pathway in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Under normal conditions, there were no obvious differences in the innervatio...