Intermediate alleles (IAs) for Huntington disease (HD) contain 27-35 CAG repeats, a range that falls just below the disease threshold of 36 repeats. While there is no firm evidence that IAs confer the HD phenotype, they are prone to germline CAG repeat instability, particularly repeat expansion when paternally transmitted. Consequently, offspring may inherit a new mutation and develop the disea...

Information Technology (IT) encompasses all aspects of computing technology. The pervasiveness of IT over the past decade means that information assurance and security (IAS) know-how has become increasingly important for IT professionals worldwide. However, South African universities do not get specific curriculum guidelines to ensure that all essential securityrelated aspects are included in t...

The defecation reflex is composed of rectal distension-evoked rectal (R-R) reflex contractions and synchronous internal anal sphincter (R-IAS) reflex relaxations in guinea pigs. These R-R and R-IAS reflexes are controlled via extrinsic sacral excitatory nerve pathway (pelvic nerves), lumbar inhibitory nerve pathways (colonic nerves) and by intrinsic cholinergic excitatory and nitrergic inhibito...

Objective: A fundamental property of the internal anal sphincter (IAS) is its ability to generate tone. However, the mechanism underlying tone generation is still controversial. In other GI regions, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) have been demonstrated to be the pacemaker cells that generate slow waves (SWs). We have shown that SWs are also present in the IAS along with a population of intra...

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS), defined as hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with high titers of anti-insulin antibodies, is frequently reported in Japanese patients but rarely observed in whites. We report in this study on a 79-year-old white male without diabetes who developed IAS following exposure to clopidogrel, a drug not previously known to cause hypoglycemia. The patient presented with r...

Invasive alien species (IAS) can cause substantive ecological impacts, and the role of temperature in mediating these impacts may become increasingly significant in a changing climate. Habitat conditions and physiological optima offer predictive information for IAS impacts in novel environments. Here, using meta-analysis and laboratory experiments, we tested the hypothesis that the impacts of I...

Banwait, Kuldip S. and Satish Rattan. Role of nitric oxide in 3-adrenoceptor activation on basal tone of internal anal sphincter. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 285: G547–G555, 2003. First published May 7, 2003; 10.1152/ ajpgi.00545.2002.—Effects of activation of 3-adrenoceptor ( 3-AR) have not been determined in the spontaneously tonic smooth muscle of the internal anal sphincter (IAS...

OBJECTIVES We investigated the prevalence and long-term risk associated with intracranial atherosclerosis identified during routine evaluation. DESIGN This study presents data from a prospective cohort of patients admitted to our stroke unit for thrombolysis evaluation. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS We included 652 with a final diagnosis of ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) fr...

BACKGROUND Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a ubiquitous element present in the groundwater worldwide. Cardiovascular effects related to iAs exposure have been studied extensively in adult populations. Few epidemiological studies have been focused on iAs exposure-related cardiovascular disease in children. OBJECTIVE In this study we investigated the association between iAs exposure, blood pressure ...