Various authors have shown previously that if the amoebae of two species of slime molds are mixed they have the ability to sort themselves out. In the work reported here, the sorting-out of cells of several slime mold species was examined in clumps of cells in suspension. Cells of four species, Dictyostelium discoideum (Dd), D. mucoroides (Dm), D. purpureum (Dp), and Polysphondylium violaceum (...

The bacteria associated with the infectious claw disease bovine digital dermatitis (DD) are spirochetes of the genus Treponema; however, their environmental reservoir remains unknown. To our knowledge, the current study is the first report of the discovery and phylogenetic characterization of rRNA gene sequences from DD-associated treponemes in the dairy herd environment. Although the spread of...

BACKGROUND Plasma fibrin d-dimer has been taken as a marker for thrombus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between d-dimer (DD) levels and left atrial spontaneous echo contrast (SEC)/left atrial thrombus (LAT). METHODS We identified clinical studies by systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases up to Feb 2016. All observational studies that considered DD as a stud...

AIMS Left ventricular hypertrophy, obesity, hypertension, and N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide (Nt-proBNP) predict left ventricular diastolic dysfunction with preserved systolic function (DD-PSF). Self-rated health (SRH) is shown to be associated with chronic diseases, but the association of SRH with DD-PSF is unclear. In light of the clinical implications of DD-PSF, the following goals ar...

BACKGROUND Lower levels of physical activity in children with developmental delay (DD) usually are attributed to higher energy costs. However, there is no evidence that children with DD spend more energy on daily physical activities, such as walking. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare energy costs during walking and movement initiation times in children with DD and children with t...

The optimal viewing position (OVP) effect indicates that words are identified most quickly when the eyes fixate near word centre in alphabetic languages. In two studies, we tested OVP typically developing readers and children with developmental dyslexia (DD), coordination disorder (DCD) both disorders (DD + DCD), using a variable-viewing-position technique. Study 1 showed had developed highly a...

BACKGROUND Some studies suggested that psychological stress may be associated with the severity and duration of infectious diseases. In this population-based study, we investigated associations between depressive disorder (DD) and pneumonia outcomes in Taiwan with a large-scale database from the National Health Insurance. METHODS Our study defined 112,198 patients who were hospitalized with a...

We describe a method to enhance the sensitivity of eukaryotic cDNA detection in differential display (DD). Typically, DD protocols require between 200 and 500 ng RNA for each reverse transcription reaction. The addition of Escherichia coli RNA before reverse transcription of eukaryotic RNA increases the detection of DD patterns more than tenfold. The method broadens the applicability of DD and ...

BACKGROUND Dupuytren's Disease (DD) is a debilitating contractile fibrosis of the palmar fascia characterised by excess collagen deposition, contractile myofibroblast development, increased transforming growth factor-beta levels and beta-catenin accumulation. The aim of this study was to determine if a collagen-enriched environment, similar to in vivo conditions, altered beta-catenin accumulati...

With multi-antenna synchronized global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers, the single difference (SD) between two antennas is able to eliminate both satellite and receiver clock error, thus it becomes necessary to reconsider the equivalency problem between the SD and double difference (DD) models. In this paper, we quantitatively compared the formal uncertainties and dispersions betwe...