21 Abstract 22 23 This paper reports on the North American state-of-the-art in the use of FRP composites in concrete structures. For new 24 construction, FRP bars have been used as the internal reinforcement in concrete members to replace conventional steel rebars for 25 a host of reasons. The principles for design and construction have been established and proposed to industry by the American ...

This paper reports on the key features of the “Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP Bars” issued by the American Concrete Institute (ACI). For new construction, FRP bars have been used as the internal reinforcement in concrete members to replace conventional steel rebars for a host of reasons. The principles for design and construction were first established and...

The use of functional repair components stored inside hollow reinforcing fibres is being considered as a self-repair system for future composite structures. The incorporation of a self-healing capability within a variety of materials, including fibre reinforced polymers (FRPs), has been investigated by a number of workers previously. This paper considers the placement of self-healing plies with...

Atrioventricular (A-V) conduction and the functional refractory period (FRP) of the A-V system were studied in 13 dogs chronically infected by T. cruzi that had ECG disturbances indicative of myocarditis. Histopathologic findings at the A-V node and the bundle of His were correlated with the FRP and with conduction times of the A-V propagation system. Retarded conduction was related to inflamma...

Several building codes are available for the design of concrete structures reinforced with FRP; nevertheless knowledge on their structural behavior in case of fire is lack and no reliable design method is available. The experimental data available in the literature about the behavior of fiber-reinforced composite materials as well as of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars or grids at high t...

Tests of deep concrete beams with internal fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement have shown that such members can exhibit lower shear strength than members with conventional steel reinforcement. To model this effect, the current paper proposes an approach based on a two-parameter kinematic theory (2PKT) for conventional deep beams. The 2PKT is built on a kinematic model with two degrees ...

Functional Reactive Programming (FRP) provides a conceptual framework for implementing reactive systems. It is a relatively recent model of programming, but has already been explored, implemented, and optimized in several useful ways. We survey the literature on FRP, its implementation, optimization, and uses, and present ideas for further research, along with some examples.

Passively damped bracing systems in steel frames, in which the conventional materials of the joint are replaced by high damping viscoelastic materials, have the potential of being effective practical means for passive vibration control of dynamically loaded civil engineering structures. However, this potential can be realized only if the associated structural penalties are reduced within accept...

The failure of a reinforced concrete member strengthened with FRP laminates may be caused by crushing of concrete, rupture of FRP laminates, or by the de-lamination of the FRP sheet. Therefore, the effectiveness and failure mode of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) sheets applied to beams and columns is related to the degree of adhesion of the epoxy to the concrete surface. When a peeling or de-la...

This paper presents an analytical approach to describe the behavior and mode of failure of infill masonry structures strengthened with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) materials. The approach is used to simulate the response of strengthened infill masonry walls under the effect of out-of-plane uniformly distributed pressure simulating wind pressure. The approach includes a finite element analysis...