BACKGROUND Although thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is considered the gold standard for post-thoracotomy pain relief, thoracic paravertebral block (PVB) and intrathecal opioid (ITO) administration have also been shown to be efficacious. We hypothesized that the combination of PVB and ITO provides analgesia comparable with that of TEA. METHODS After local ethics committee approval, 84 consec...

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films have been deposited onto glass substrates by ifmagnetron sputtering without insitu substrate heating. The as-deposited films have an electrical resistivity of 5x1O a-cm, visible transmittance of about 85%, and infrared (IR) reflectance of above 80% at 5 jim. The effect of sputtering parameters on the deposition rate and the electrical and optical properties of ITO f...

We demonstrate the improved device performances by using structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) film coated onto indium tin oxide (ITO) anodic electrode annealed at 400 °C under normal ambient. The ITO thin films show quality with decreased dislocation density and lattice strain as annealing temperature increases. spin-coated PEDOT:PSS smoothens wrinkl...

Proof. Consider any sequence of partitions Πn = {0 = tn < tn < . . . < tn = 0 1 Nn T } such that Δ(Πn) = maxj |tn − tn| → 0. Additionally, suppose that the j+1 j sequence Πn is nested, in the sense the for every n1 ≤ n2, every point in Πn1 is also a point in Πn2 . Let X n = Xtn where j = max{i : ti ≤ t}. Then Xn is a t t j sub-martingale adopted to the same filtration (notice that this would no...

The study investigates factors contributing to the adoption of IT services outsourcing (ITO) by small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in western countries. The focus is on the process of diffusion and adoption of ITO as a management innovation. The paper is written from the perspective of ITO vendors from developing countries and seeks to identify steps that will help these vendors sell ITO servi...

UNLABELLED Incorporation of metal nanoparticles into active layers of organic solar cells is one of the promising light trapping approaches. The size of metal nanoparticles is one of key factors to strong light trapping, and the size of thermally evaporated metal nanoparticles can be tuned by either post heat treatment or surface modification of substrates. We deposited Ag nanoparticles on ITO ...

Among the issues that restrict the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSSCs), insufficient catalytic activity and stability of counter electrodes (CEs) are critical but challenging ones. The state-of-the-art Cu/Cu2S CEs still suffer from mechanical instability and uncertainty due to the reaction of copper and electrolyte. Herein, ITO@Cu2S core-shell nanowi...

Depolarization-activated outward K+ currents in isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes were characterized using the whole-cell variation of the patch-clamp recording technique. During brief depolarizations to potentials positive to -40 mV, Ca(2+)-independent outward K+ currents in these cells rise to a transient peak, followed by a slower decay to an apparent plateau. The analyses completed he...

Quasi oxygen-deficient indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) were prepared by photoinduced chlorine doping, and exhibited much enhanced electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media, as compared with pristine ITO.