Objective(s): This study explored the inter-relationship among nitric oxide, opioids, and KATP channels in the signaling pathway underlying remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) conferred cardioprotection. Materials and Methods: Blood pressure cuff was placed around the hind limb of the animal and RIPC was performed by 4 cycles of infla...

EPAC (Exchange Proteins Activated by cAMP) regulates glutamate transmitter release in the central neurons, but a role underlying this regulation has yet to be identified. Here we show that EPAC binds directly to the intracellular loop of an ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel type-1 sulfonylurea receptor (SUR1) receptor consisting of amino acids 859-881 (SUR1(859-881)). Ablation of EPAC or e...

VOLATILE anesthetics are well known to have cardioprotective effects similar to those of ischemic preconditioning, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Recent evidence indicates that the protective effects of KATP channel openers may be due to action on mitochondrial KATP channels. 12–16 We have previously reported that 15 min of volatile anesthetic exposure induces mitochondrial flavoprotein oxi...

86Rb fluxes through ATP-regulated K+(KATP) channels in membrane vesicles derived from basolateral membranes of Necturus small intestinal epithelial cells as well as the activity of single KATP channels reconstituted into planar phospholipid bilayers are inhibited by the presence of ADP plus phospho enolpyruvate in the solution bathing the inner surface of these channels. This inhibition can be ...

Chan, Y.-L., Orie, N. N., Singer, M., and Clapp, L. H. (2007). Inflammatory mediators enhance expression of vascular ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Intensive Care Med. 33:S120. Chan, Y.-L., Orie, N. N., Singer, M., and Clapp, L. H. (2008). Enhanced expression of vascular KATP channels in an in vitro model of sepsis. Fundam. Clin. Pharmacol. 22:S34. Chan, Y.-L., Stidwill, R., Taylor, V., Clap...

Cardioprotection from preconditioning reappears 24 h after the initial stimulus. This phenomenon is called the second window of protection (SWOP). We hypothesized that opening of the ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channel mediates the protective effect of SWOP. Rabbits were preconditioned (PC) with four cycles of 5-min regional ischemia each followed by 10 min of reperfusion. Twenty-four hours ...

BACKGROUND KATP channels, assembled from pore-forming (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and regulatory (SUR1 or SUR2) subunits, link metabolism to excitability. Loss of Kir6.2 results in hypoglycemia and hyperinsulinemia, whereas loss of Kir6.1 causes Prinzmetal angina-like symptoms in mice. Conversely, overactivity of Kir6.2 induces neonatal diabetes in mice and humans, but consequences of Kir6.1 overactivit...

Earlier studies have suggested that halothane may relax smooth muscle in part by opening adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels. We tested this hypothesis in vitro by examining the interaction of halothane with glibenclamide, a KATP channel blocker, and YM934, a KATP channel opener, in strips of canine tracheal smooth muscles mounted in an organ bath system. To examine the s...