We report a method for the purification of plastoquinone-9 (PQ), a prenylquinone cofactor involved in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The described procedures relies on spinach-chloroplast isolation followed by PQ extraction and chromatographic fractionation. Extraction of PQ was achieved using partition of chloroplast suspension with methanol:petroleum ether. This procedure remove...

Paraquat (PQ) is a highly toxic herbicide, which not only leads to acute organ damage, but also to a variety of complications. Patients with severe PQ-induced poisoning may succumb to multiple organ failure involving the circulatory and respiratory systems. Although numerous studies have been performed investigating PQ poisoning, cases of extreme bradycardia caused by acute PQ-induced poisoning...

BACKGROUND Primaquine (PQ) actively clears mature Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes but in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals can cause hemolysis. We assessed the safety of low-dose PQ in combination with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) in G6PDd African males with asymptomatic P. falciparum malaria. METHODS AND FINDINGS In Burki...

BACKGROUND Paraquat (PQ) concentration-time data have been used to predict prognosis for 3 decades. The aim of this study was to find a more accurate method to predict the probability of survival. METHODS This study included 788 patients with PQ poisoning who were diagnosed using plasma PQ concentration between January 2005 and August 2012. We divided these patients into 2 groups (survivors v...

In order to reduce the memory access time for a Single-Instruction Multiple-Data stream (SIMD) computer with pq processing elements attached to a host computer, a multiaccess memory system is proposed in this paper. The proposed memory system supports simultaneous access to pq data elements within a 4-directional block (p q), a row (1 pq), a column (pq 1), a forward-diagonal, and a backward-dia...

We present a method for the rapid and accurate quantitative analysis of paraquat (PQ) in biological samples. Paraquat, also known as methyl viologen, is commonly used to induce oxidative stress in laboratory studies. Our method uses classical standard addition methodology and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with photodiode array detection to estimate recovered PQ in whole-or...

Continuously growing cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa Starr 252, operating at constant density and under constant environmental conditions, produced uniform photosynthetic quotient (PQ = CO(2)/O(2)) and O(2) values during 6 months of observations. The PQ for the entire study was 0.90 +/- 0.024. The PQ remained constant over a threefold light-intensity change and a threefold change in O(2) prod...