The assessment of long-term negative effects insecticides on the target and non-target insects can help assess toxicity side-effects pesticides. In this study, sublethal a low concentration spiromesifen (LC<sub>20</sub>) life-history traits T. urticae its phytoseiid predator N. californicus were estimated for two successive generations (F0 F1). According to results, adult longevity,...

Abstract Background The predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor), N. barkeri (Hughes), and Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot, are important predators attacking many insect mite pests. They can coexist in the same habitat engage intraguild predation (IGP). Main body IGP was assessed among exotic one native species A. as Intraguild predator (IG-predator)/intraguild prey (IG-prey) eith...

The impact of daily temperature variations on arthropod life history remains woefully understudied compared to the large body of research that has been carried out on the effects of constant temperatures. However, diurnal varying temperature regimes more commonly represent the environment in which most organisms thrive. Such varying temperature regimes have been demonstrated to substantially af...