Although parental leave has long formed part of traditional labor relations, it was not until the nineteen seventies that it began to be regarded in some Scandinavian countries as a way ofi balancing work and family life as well as of enhancing gender equality (Duvander, Lappegard, and Andersson 2010; Escobedo, Flaquer, and Navarro, 2012; Lappegard, 2008), That egalitarian aspiration was consol...

OBJECTIVE To determine the association of literacy of mothers with malnutrition among children under three years of age in rural area of district Malir, Karachi. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on four hundred children under three years of age, residing in the rural area of district Malir, Karachi. The selection of the children was irrespective of gender, ethnicity and religion....

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the knowledge on developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) by professionals involved in its diagnosis. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study using questionnaires to assess the knowledge about DDH. Orthopedic surgeons and pediatricians, residents and medical students from a tertiary teaching hospital were included in the study. RESULTS We evaluated 142 medical students...

Retrieval practice improves retention of information on later tests. A question remains: When should retrieval occur during learning-interspersed throughout study or at the end of each study period? In a lab experiment, an online experiment, and a classroom study, we aimed to determine the ideal placement (interspersed vs. at-the-end) of retrieval practice questions. In the lab experiment, 64 s...

OBJECTIVE This study aims to propose a framework for measuring the degree of public health-sensitivity of patent legislation reformed after the World Trade Organization's TRIPS (Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights) Agreement entered into force. METHODS The methodology for establishing and testing the proposed framework involved three main steps:(1) a literature review on TRI...

This paper reports finding from a study carried out in a remote rural area of Bangladesh during December 2000. Nineteen key informants were interviewed for collecting data on domestic violence against women. Each key informant provided information about 10 closest neighbouring ever-married women covering a total of 190 women. The questionnaire included information about frequency of physical vi...