Background: Because delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive ingredient in cannabis, binds to cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors, levels of CB1 protein could serve as a potential biomarker for response to THC. To date, available techniques to characterize CB1 expression and function in vivo are limited. In this study, we developed an assay to quantify CB1 in lymphocytes to determ...

Endocannabinoids work as retrograde messengers and contribute to short-term and long-term modulation of synaptic transmission via presynaptic cannabinoid receptors. It is generally accepted that the CB1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1) mediates the effects of endocannabinoid in inhibitory synapses. For excitatory synapses, however, contributions of CB1, "CB3," and some other unidentified receptors ha...

The classic notion of a win–win situation has key flaw in that it cannot always offer the parties equal amounts winningsbecause each party believes they are winners. In reality, one may win more than other. This strategy is not limited to single product or negotiation; be applied variety situations life. We present novel way measure this paper. proposed method employs fuzzy logic create mathema...

Mice devoid of CB1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1-/mice) provide a unique opportunity to further investigate the role of CB1 receptors in exocannabinoid and endocannabinoid effects. CB1-/mice (N=18) and their wild type littermates (CB1+/+ mice; N=12) were placed in standard mouse operant chambers and trained to lever press under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of reinforcement. When stable lever press re...

The recent identification and cloning of guanine nucleotide regulatory protein-coupled brain-type and spleen-type cannabinoid receptors (CB1-R and CB2-R, respectively) provide evidence that many of the effects of cannabinoids are mediated via these receptors. Our recent observation of expression of both CB1-R and CB2-R genes in the preimplantation mouse embryo suggests that it could also be a t...