Morphine tolerance in vivo is reduced following blockade of the orphanin FQ/nociceptin (OFQ/N)/opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) receptor system, suggesting that OFQ/N contributes to the development of morphine tolerance. We previously reported that a 60-min activation of ORL1 receptors natively expressed in BE(2)-C cells desensitized both and ORL1 receptor-mediated inhibition of cAMP. Investigatin...

This paper presents a new adaptive terminal sliding mode tracking control design for a class of nonlinear systems using fuzzy logic system. The terminal sliding mode control (TSM) was developed to provide faster convergence and higher-precision control than the linear hyperplane-based sliding control. However, the original TSM encountered singularity problem with discontinuous control action. M...

I first summarize Baltag and Smets’ contribution to this volume, and praise their work. Then I compare the anti-lexicographic plausibility update that they propose to a proposal by Aucher, as an illustration of the difference between a qualitative and a quantitive formulation of updates. I quote Spohn’s original work that is at the root of research in plausibility updates and of the notion of a...

Any researcher with the most modest public profile is used to being asked for virus samples. Traditionally, we’ve advocated the use of alternatives, especially the EICAR test file, to anyone who doesn’t have access to malware through mainstream, trusted channels, as a way of simulating malware behaviour without the attendant risks of genuinely malicious behaviour. But is the EICAR file really s...

Ambient visibility is a complex manifestation arising out of interactions among many atmospheric variables, including ambient aerosol load, and region specific geophysical characteristics. To functionally relate visibility impairment in Delhi region during winter months−months marred with poor visibility condi�ons−a novel experiment was designed to relate visibility with ambient aerosol load (P...