This study explored the autonomy of advanced English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners in reading comprehension through scaffolding and jigsaw in computer-assisted and conventional contexts. After being homogenized through the reading section of DIALANG proficiency test, a total of 80 female advanced EFL learners with the age range of 21 to 45 were selected as the participants of the study. ...

Autonomy has significance for everyone, including those in long-term residential care. This article looks at the concept of autonomy particularly in relation to the population of older persons living in residential care settings. It examines the values underpinning the exercise of personal autonomy and notes how an individual's autonomy may be enhanced or restricted. The implications for geront...

Drawing on interviews in Switzerland and New Zealand, we explore the concept of autonomy as part of a farming self. The farming self encompasses the dialectical relationship of autonomy as both value and tool that help us understand farmers within a wider set of economic, environmental and interpersonal relations. Farmers describe autonomy as a value in three related but slightly different ways...

The autonomy of various subsystems in complex real-time distributed computer systems (DCS's) is a highly desired attribute. Highly autonomous subsystems enable concurrent and largely independent testing/verification and maintenance of the subsystems. In recent years, we formulated two system structuring techniques which could be used as fundamental tools for enhancing the subsystem autonomy: (1...

sociology is a multi-paradigm science. the main components of the paradigm include epistemic system, theoretical schools, raised patterns, research strategies, research methods and techniques, and facts under investigation. to be able to reach a satisfactory achievement, sociology has to obtain two main components, i.e. to be part of a paradigm and institutional autonomy. iranian sociology of t...

A considerable amount of recent medical research focuses on factors involving patient satisfaction. This study attempts to examine the role of autonomy in the gynecologist-patient relationship as it relates to patient satisfaction. Fifty-five patients at a women's clinic completed measures assessing autonomy preference (API) before the medical visit and patient-perceived autonomy support (HCCQ)...

knowledge creation and innovation is recognized to be of paramount importance to the competitive advantage of organizations in modem economics. this research empirically investigates the creation of new knowledge. to analyze data, we used regression. the results indicate that intention, requisite variety, individual autonomy, project autonomy and redundancy are highly associated with successful...