The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and glucocorticoid signaling pathways interact both positively and negatively in regulating a variety of physiological and pathologic processes. We previously reported that liganded glucocorticoid receptor (GR) repressed TGF-beta induction of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene transcription by directly targeting the transcriptional activa...

The first Weyl algebra over k, A1 = k〈x, y〉/(xy− yx− 1) admits a natural Z-grading by letting deg x = 1 and deg y = −1. Paul Smith showed that gr -A1 is equivalent to the category of quasicoherent sheaves on a certain quotient stack. Using autoequivalences of gr -A1, Smith constructed a commutative ring C, graded by finite subsets of the integers. He then showed gr -A1 ≡ gr -(C,Zfin). In this p...

Arsenic (As) contamination of drinking water is considered a principal environmental health threat throughout the world. Chronic intake is associated with an increased risk of cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, and recent studies suggest increased health risks at levels as low as 5-10 ppb. We report here that 0.05-1 microM (6-120 ppb) As showed stimulatory effects on glucocorticoid r...

PURPOSE To determine whether infiltrating polymorphonuclear leukocytes PMNs play a role in preventing early direct anterior-to-posterior spread of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and/or in preventing the spread of HSV-1 from the brain back to the retina of the injected eye after anterior chamber (AC) inoculation. METHODS BALB/c mice were treated with monoclonal antibody RB6-8C5 (Gr-1) against PM...

OBJECTIVE Check if the Temporal flow response to Tilt could provide early hemodynamic pattern in the minutes preceding a syncope during the Tilt test performed after a 60-d head down bedrest (HDBR). METHOD Twenty-one men divided into 3 groups [Control (Con), Resistive Vibration (RVE) and Chinese Herb (Herb)] underwent a 60 day HDBR. Pre and Post HDBR a 20 min Tilt identified Finishers (F) and...

NADPH transfers reducing power from bioenergetic pathways to thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1) and glutathione reductase (GR) to support essential reductive systems. Surprisingly, it was recently shown that mouse livers lacking both TrxR1 and GR ('TR/GR-null') can sustain redox (reduction-oxidation) homoeostasis using a previously unrecognized NADPH-independent source of reducing power fuelled by...

Let R = ⊕ g∈GRg be a G-graded ring. It is well known (see e.g. [D], [M1], [N], [NRV], [NV]) that in the study of the connections that may be established between the categories R-gr of graded R-modules and R1-mod (1 is the unit element of G), an important role is played by the following system of functors : (−)1 : R-gr → R1-mod given by M 7→ M1, where M = ⊕ g∈GMg is a graded left R-module, the i...

The present study was performed to identify the changes in genomic expression of critical components of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the second half of gestation in fetal sheep. We isolated mRNA from pituitary, hypothalamus, hippocampus, and brain stem in fetal sheep at 80, 100, 120, 130, and 145 days of gestation and 1 and 7 days after delivery (n = 4-5/group). Using real-t...

In spite of the great successes of General Relativity (GR) it has not got the status of a complete theory of gravity. To modify GR there are motivations coming from its quantum aspects, string theory, astrophysics and cosmology. For example, cosmological solutions of GR contain Big Bang singularity, and Dark Energy as a cause for accelerated expansion of the Universe. This initial cosmological ...