The tendency to view the self as a prototypic member of a group is thought to be at the foundation of many social psychological phenomena. Two opposing accounts of perceived prototypicality have been suggested in the psychological literature. The self-justification account portrays this as a defensive tendency that occurs in response to threatened group status. The self-enhancement account port...

Abstract We presented six novel farming vignettes to UK farmers that describe trade-offs between pecuniary and non-pecuniary benefits. What would choose corresponds with what they think make them happier, which supports the use of subjective well-being as a proxy for decision utility in agricultural research. Where disparity choice does exist, seem willing trade happiness Our results a...

When is it okay to lie? And what constitutes a lie, anyway? This paper examines the notion of lying in agent-based systems, focusing on dialogues and situations where it is acceptable for agents to utter locutions that contradict their beliefs. We examine situations in human and animal behavior where lying — acting or making statements that contradict one’s set of beliefs — is considered to be ...

Microtubules are long, tubular protein complexes that give structure to the cell. They form a sub-cellular organization called the cytoskeleton which plays a major role both in cell-division and in transporting molecules throughout the cell. Microtubules are able to grow and shrink through a process called dynamic instability [1]. It is written in the literature that a class of molecules called...