Effects of blood loss on tissue and serum antibiotic levels were investigated in 30 New Zealand white rabbits. Studies were conducted over a 3.5-hr period after intravenous administration of cefazolin, 30 mg/kg, in control animals (Groups I and IV, n = 5 each) and animals having 50% (Groups II and V, n = 5 each) or 100% (Groups III and VI, n = 5 each) of their blood volume removed and replaced ...

BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Antibiotic resistance rate is increasing in Acinetobacter species, especially in Acinetobacter baumannii, as the most important pathogen of hospital and ICU . This research aimed to evaluate antibiotic resistant rate of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from patients admitted to ICUs in educational hospitals affiliated with Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. METHODS In ...

Introduction: Caesarean section is one of the most rewarding surgeries when performed in time and indication. The number of C/S has been growing rapidly in the developing as well as developed world. Aims & Objectives: Evaluation of prophylactic antibiotic in caesarean section. Methodology: This study was conducted in Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur from June 2014 to Septem...

OBJECTIVE In August 2011, the Pediatric Infectious Disease Society and Infectious Disease Society of America published an evidence-based guideline for the management of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children ≥3 months. Our objective was to evaluate if quality improvement (QI) methods could improve appropriate antibiotic prescribing in a setting without a formal antimicrobial stewardship...

INTRODUCTION Vertical Transmission of group B streptococcus (GBS) from a vagina colonized mother to her infant upon rupture of membranes (ROM) or after the onset of labor can cause life-threatening infections in newborn. Although intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) can significantly decrease neonatal GBS diseases, this issue has potentiated the emergence of antibiotic resistance strains. O...

BACKGROUND The role of oral antibiotic therapy in treating infective endocarditis (IE) is not well established. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus for studies in which oral antibiotic therapy was used for the treatment of IE. RESULTS Seven observational studies evaluating the use oral beta-lactams (five), oral ciprofloxacin in combination with rifampin (one), and linezolid (one)...

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are an increasing threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics. The majority of antibiotics are prescribed in primary care settings for upper respiratory tract infections. The purpose of this study was to describe seasonal trends in outpatient antibiotic prescriptions (Rx) in the United States over a 5-year period. This study was a retrospective, cross-sectional obse...

BACKGROUND Research to understand and control the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance has become a public health priority. OBJECTIVES This study was conducted to study epidemiology and resistant pattern of bacteria causing infection in different King Khalid hospital units. PATIENTS AND METHODS All samples were sent to the lab and routinely processed according to the standard mi...

Fragments (414 bp) of the gene-encoding ribosomal protein L16 from Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis that were resistant and susceptible to the oligosaccharide antibiotics avilamycin and evernimicin (SCH 27899) were sequenced and compared. The susceptible E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates had sequences that were similar to those of the type strains. All resistant E. faecalis isol...

Changes in nasopharyngeal flora were investigated in children with acute otitis media and with acute exacerbations of chronic sinusitis in whom antibiotic therapy of relatively long duration was required until substantial improvement in clinical findings was achieved. 1. The antibiotics used were two cephalosporins, i.e., cefaclor (CCL) and cefixime (CFIX), administered to 18 patients each for ...