Water’s behavior differs from that of normal fluids, having more than sixty anomalies. Simulations and theories propose that many of these anomalies result from the coexistence of two liquid phases with different densities. Experiments in bulk water confirm the existence of two local arrangements of water molecules with different densities, but, because of inevitable freezing at low temperature...

We compute the pressure of the random energy model (REM) and generalized random energy model (GREM) by establishing variational upper and lower bounds. For the upper bound, we generalize Guerra’s “broken replica symmetry bounds”, and identify the random probability cascade as the appropriate random overlap structure for the model. For the REM the lower bound is obtained, in the high temperature...

A new regime of runaway discharges has been observed in the TCABR tokamak. One of the most distinctive features of this regime is the e ect of plasma detachment from the limiter. This experimental fact can only be explained by the volume recombination, which requires a low-temperature plasma. The analysis of the energy and particle balance in the system plasma-relativistic runaway beam in TCABR...

We conduct nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to measure the shear stress sigma, the average inherent structure energy E{IS}, and the effective temperature T{eff} of a sheared model glass as a function of bath temperature T and shear strain rate gamma. For T above the glass transition temperature T0, the rheology approaches a Newtonian limit and T{eff}-->T as gamma-->0, while for T<T...

Magnetization measurements as a function of temperature are reported for YBa2Cu3O6.5 crystal (Tc 545.2 K) for fields between 0.2 and 3.5 T. All isochamps for H.1 T intersect at T2D ! .42.8 K, implying a fluctuation contribution to the magnetization. These curves collapse into a single curve when magnetization and temperature are scaled according to the predicted ‘‘two-dimensional ~2D! scaling’’...

Electron-transfer kinetics of the thermophilic protein Plastocyanin from Phormidium laminosum adsorbed on 1,ω-alkanedithiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited on gold have been investigated. The standard electron-transfer rate constant has been determined as a function of electrode-protein distance and solution viscosity over a broad temperature range (0-90 °C). For either thin or thick...

carbon nanotubes (cnts), nowadays, are one of the important nanomaterials that can be produce with different methods such as chemical vapor deposition (cvd). growing of cnts via cvd method can be influenced by several operating parameters that can affect their quality and quantity. in this article, the effects of inlet gas mixture temperature on cnt’s local growth rate, total production, and le...

7.1 General Conclusions Investigations of the crystallization and melting behavior of linear polyethylene and of a series of ethylene/styrene random copolymers with styrene content ranging from 0.35 mol% to 11.7 mol% were discussed in chapters 3, 4 and 5 using the techniques of DSC and temperature modulated calorimetry. The focus of these studies was placed on the correlations between the tempo...

We consider a simple model consisting of particles with four bonding sites ("patches"), two of type A and two of type B, on the square lattice, and investigate its global phase behavior by simulations and theory. We set the interaction between B patches to zero and calculate the phase diagram as the ratio between the AB and the AA interactions, ε(AB)*, varies. In line with previous work, on thr...