Mass estimates, based on scaling relationships, are presented of central black holes in luminous quasars at a range of redshifts (z < 0.5, 1.2 < ∼ z < ∼ 6.3). The data show that very massive ( ∼ 10M⊙) black holes appear already at z ≈ 6, indicating that they form very early or very fast.

Background. Execution of fitness testing in physical education classes is influenced by students’ motivation. Therefore, addressing new testing approaches seems necessary to more accurately measure student performance. Objectives. This study presents changes in fitness performance after applying a physical fitness tests battery (without external stimuli - WS) and with external stimuli (verbal ...

OBJECTIVES The Longitudinal Assessment of Manic Symptoms (LAMS) study was designed to investigate phenomenology and establish predictors of functional outcomes in children with elevated manic symptoms. The purpose of this series of analyses was to determine whether the participants demonstrated different trajectories of parent-reported manic and biphasic symptoms over the first 24 months of fol...

We analyzed the spatial distribution of 28500 photometrically selected galaxies with magnitude 23.5 < RAB < 25.5 and redshift 1.4 < z < 3.5 in 21 fields with a total area of 0.81 square degrees. The galaxies were divided into three subsamples, with mean redshifts z̄ = 1.7, 2.2, 2.9, according to the UnGR selection criteria of Adelberger et al. (2004) and Steidel et al. (2003). Combining the gala...

We derive a variety of physical parameters including star formation rates (SFRs), dust attenuation and burst mass fractions for 6472 galaxies observed by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and present in the SDSS DR1 main spectroscopic sample. Parameters are estimated in a statistical way by comparing each observed broad-band SED (two GALEX and five SDSS bands) with an extensive library of m...

Recent studies of the cosmic X-ray background (XRB) have suggested the possible existence of a population of relatively faint sources with hard X-ray spectra; however, the emission mechanism remains unclear. If the hard X-ray emission is from the radiatively inefficient, advection-dominated accretion flows (ADAFs) around massive black holes in galactic nuclei, X-ray luminosity and radio luminos...

The electromigration-induced failure in flip-chip eutectic SnPb solder joints with a 10m-thick Cu under-bump metallization (UBM) was studied without the effect of current crowding in the solder region. The current crowding occurred inside the UBM instead of in the solder joint at the current density of 3.0 × 10 A/cm because of the spreading of current in the very thick Cu UBM. In these joints, ...

We investigate the properties of 1088 Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) at z ∼ 3 selected from a ∼ 2.63 deg2 sub-region of the First Look Survey field using the ground-based multi-color data and the Spitzer Space Telescope mid-infrared data at 3–8 and 24 μm. With the wide area and the broad wavelength coverage, we sample a large number of “rare” u-band dropouts which are massive (M∗ > 10M⊙), allowing...

A simple, observationally-motivated model is presented for understanding how halo masses, galaxy stellar masses, and star formation rates are related, and how these relations evolve with time. The relation between halo mass and galaxy stellar mass is determined by matching the observed spatial abundance of galaxies to the expected spatial abundance of halos at multiple epochs — i.e. more massiv...

We model the effects of repeated supernova explosions from starbursts in dwarf galaxies on the interstellar medium of these galaxies, taking into account the gravitational potential of their dominant dark matter haloes. We explore supernova rates from one every 30,000 yr to one every 3 million yr, equivalent to steady mechanical luminosities of L = 0.1− 10× 10 ergs s, occurring in dwarf galaxie...