conclusions this study revealed that lod in females with pcos with a serum e2 > 40 pg/ml was sufficient and safe to trigger development of ovarian follicles followed by clinical pregnancy. results there was significant difference in the average starting time of ovulation and continuing spontaneous ovulation of cases with pcos with e2 levels > 40 pg/ml, compared with ones with e2 ≤ 40 pg/ml (p =...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary vascular structure remodeling (PVSR) is a hallmark of pulmonary hypertension. P27(kip1), one of critical cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, has been shown to mediate anti-proliferation effects on various vascular cells. Beta-estradiol (β-E2) has numerous biological protective effects including attenuation of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH). In the present study, we em...

In the present work, degradation of three estrogens (17?-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and 17?-ethinylestradiol (EE2)) was investigated under photoactivation hydrogen peroxide persulfate. Lab-scale irradiation experiments showed that both UVA UVB radiations are able to photoactivate oxidant precursors, although is more efficient generate radicals therefore degrade targets. The efficiency precurs...

The phenomenon of mutual annihilation of action between 17 estradiol (E2) and a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), previously described in prepubertal rat diaphysis, epiphysis and uterus, has been investigated in ROS 17/2.8 rat osteoblastic cells and in transiently co-transfected cells in culture. In ROS 17/2.8 cells, the estrogen-induced marker enzyme creatine kinase B (CKB) was sti...

Objective(s) The effect of tamoxifen as a selective estrogen receptor modulator which is widely used for treatment of early and metastatic breast cancer was investigated on the folliculogenesis in rat's fetuses and neonates. Materials and Methods The pregnant rats assigned into test and control groups. Control group received olive oil and treatment groups received either 17-β-estradiol (10 μg/k...

Developmental exposure of mouse fetuses to estrogens results in dose-dependent permanent effects on prostate morphology and function. Fetal prostatic mesenchyme cells express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and androgen receptors and convert stimuli from circulating estrogens and androgens into paracrine signaling to regulate epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation. To obtain mechanisti...

Background Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by two core symptoms: impaired social interaction and communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviors and interests. The pathophysiology of ASD is not yet fully understood, due to a plethora of genetic and environmental risk factors that might be associated with or causal for ASD. Recent findi...

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and estradiol 17-β (E2) in maturation medium on nuclear maturation and cumulus expansion of cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) obtained from bovine ovaries. COCs were classified as good and poor quality grades based on cumulus investment. COCs were then su...

Diabetes develops predominantly in males in experimental models, and extensive evidence suggests that 17β-estradiol (E2) modulates progression of diabetes in humans. We previously developed a severely diabetic transgenic (Tg) mouse model by β-cell-specific overexpression of inducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) and found that male ICER-Tg mice exhibit sustained severe hyperglycemia, but female ...

Estrogens at physiological concentrations are thought to play an immune-stimulating role, whereas androgens have an antiinflammatory impact. However, their role on cytokine secretion in the presence or absence of cortisol has not been investigated. Furthermore, the role of hydroxylated estrogens downstream of 17 -estradiol (E2) on secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is not known. In this s...