This open access book discusses the fertility transitions in developing world since 1950s by showing determinants, consequences and policy issues.

16 proportionality” which the German Constitutional Court developed in the 1950s and which since then has been treated as unwritten constitutional law in Germany. In the decades that followed the 1950s the German Constitutional Court realized that the principle of proportionality (commensurability) works like a representation of people’s moral sense and sense of justice. Therefore, the German C...

This is a personal perspective on the development of numerical methods for solving Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, discussing work being done principally during the 1950s and 1960s. The principal types of numerical methods being studied were projection methods (Galerkin, collocation) and Nyström methods. During the 1950s and 1960s, functional analysis became the framework for th...

The purpose of this research is to rescue from the 1950s onwards, in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, both the discursive and non-discursive practices, on how the nursing teaching went on being redesigned, in search of a profession that would be more scientific, less technicistic, and how the nursing theories had had a participation in such process of transformations and contradictions. The surv...

Since the invention of synthetic plastics in 1950s, they have inevitably dominated all other materials such as metals, glass, wood, etc [...]

Abstract Sea surface salinity patterns have intensified between the mid-20 th century and present day, with saline areas becoming saltier fresher fresher. This change has been linked to a human-induced strengthening of global hydrological cycle as mean temperatures rose. Here we analyse observations from round-the-world voyages HMS Challenger SMS Gazelle in 1870s, early industrial era, reconstr...