In recent years, finding the optimal solution for image segmentation has become more important in many applications. The whale optimization algorithm (WOA) is a metaheuristic technique that advantage of achieving global while also being simple to implement and solving real-time problems. If complexity problem increases, WOA may stick local optima rather than optima. This could be an issue obtai...

Retinal blood vessels are affected by a variety of eye diseases, including hypertensive retinopathy (HR) and diabetic (DR). A person with HR needs to be sure check their eyes regularly, which requires the use computer vision methods analyze images back help ophthalmologists automatically. Automated diagnostic systems useful for diagnosing different retinal diseases patients who need establish a...

The skin, feathers, and fur of most wild animals are pigmented with melanin, and these black, brown, gray, rufous, and buff colors serve many evolutionary functions. Melanic patterns – alone or in combination with other traits – can act as bold signals of fighting ability, can amplify other signaling characteristics, or, as is most commonly recognized, can create a camouflaged appearance. In ma...

The unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network has gained vigorous evolution in recent decades by virtue of its advanced nature, and UAV-based localization techniques have been extensively applied a variety fields. In most applications, the data captured UAV are only useful when associated with geographic position. Efficient low-cost positioning is great significance for development UAV-aided techno...

The ultimate goal of the Mexican gray wolf Canis lupus baileyi captive management program is reintroduction of healthy individuals into wild habitats. To this end, zoo population managers work to provide not only for the physical well-being but also for the genetic health of these animals. However, the very limited genetic founder base, exacerbated by breeding within three distinct lineages, re...

– This study analysed the spatial structure of the Carpathian Mountains, in Central Europe, considering it a unit that extends across national boundaries, and assessing the suitability of areas were wolves could be conserved. Physical characteristics of the area were extracted from NOAA-AVHRR NDVI. A set of 9 images from different periods of the year was used to parameterise the phenological va...

The difficulty of obtaining pedigrees for wild populations has hampered the possibility of demonstrating inbreeding depression in nature. In a small, naturally restored, wild population of grey wolves in Scandinavia, founded in 1983, we constructed a pedigree for 24 of the 28 breeding pairs established in the period 1983-2002. Ancestry for the breeding animals was determined through a combinati...