The social gradient in health is familiar to many readers of scientific journals as a diagonal line on a graph showing the almost universal and often linear relation between people’s social and economic circumstances and their health. The pathways to and from poverty and poverty’s impact on health, however, have also vividly been represented in paintings, particularly in 19th century Europe. Th...

The first objective of this paper is carry out three experiments intended to evaluate authorship attribution methods based on three test-collections available in three different languages (English, French, and German). In the first we represent and categorize 52 text excerpts written by nine authors and taken from 19th century English novels. In the second we work with 44 segments from French n...

Typhoid fever is an acute systemic infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Salmonella enterica serovars Paratyphi A, B, and C cause the clinically similar condition, paratyphoid fever. Typhoid and paratyphoid fevers are collectively referred to as enteric fevers. In most endemic areas, approximately 90% of enteric fever is typhoid. Typhoid is transmitted by the feca...

(so-called rY values). The suggested ‘‘correction’’ method makes an a priori detrending of the rY series and then extends the linear regression between rY and sunspot numbers established for the last 25 years to earlier times. The suggested ‘‘correction’’ of sunspot numbers by roughly 30% goes far beyond the traditional estimates of observational uncertainties of sunspots. Concentrating here on...

possible a comparison with the data in the vital statistics which have been published annually since 1899 by the Japanese Government. Major sources of these data were: 1) 34,115 adult survivors registered in a) registration books of residents in ward offices in Tokyo and Osaka, b) lists of inmates at nursing homes for the aged in Tokyo, Osaka and Kyushu, and c) lists of members of local societi...

RULE205 The 19th-Century Russian Novel The 19th-century novel is widely regarded as the supreme achievement of Russian literature. This course will trace its development from Pushkin's elegant, witty novel in verse, EUGENE ONEGIN, through the grotesque comedies of Gogol, to the realist masterpieces of Dostoevsky and Tolstoy, with their complex depiction of human psychology and the philosophical...

Until the early 19th century, dental illnesses in the Croatian Littoral were treated by barbers and quacks. Mid 19th century saw the first seasonal dentists come from Vienna, Graz, and Trieste, and the first local dentists started to work full-time in the second half of the 19th century. Dr Frano Dabrović, Dr Niko Gjivović, Dr Dezider Dalma, and Dr Edmund Krausz were the first promoters of the ...

Folk beliefs associated with death and disease can impact on the bioarcheological record. Unusual postmortem actions by humans and distinctive paleopathological evidence may be clues to these beliefs. This report presents bioarcheological and paleopathological evidence in support of a 19th century New England folk belief in vampires with a particular reference to a colonial period burial. The N...

james morier’s the adventures of hajji baba of ispahan is among works in which traces of the new wave of colonialism at the beginning of the 19th century are clearly evident, a colonialism which, fortified by the newly-established discourse of orientalism, employed literary texts as building blocks to expand and buttress authority and dominance of the west over the east. this paper attempts to ...

Article Summary: The US Army brought medicine to the frontier, accompanying the troops wherever they went. They shared the dangers, hardships, and boredom of the soldiers and their families. Most practiced their profession well, and contract physicians carried a great deal of the work load than the regular officers. The doctors’ families often accompanied them to the frontier, establishing home...