A Hamiltonian framework for 2+1 dimensional gravity coupled with matter (satisfying positive energy conditions) is considered in the asymptotically at context. It is shown that the total energy of the system is non-negative, vanishing if and only if space-time is (globally) Minkowskian. Furthermore, contrary to one's experience with usual eld theories, the Hamiltonian is bounded from above. Thi...

The use of tramadol is a controversial topic in cycling. In order to provide novel evidence on this issue, we tested 29 participants pre-loaded cycling time trial (TT; 20-min TT preceded by 40-min constant work-rate at 60% the VO2max) after ingesting 100 mg (vs placebo and paracetamol (1.5 g)). Participants performed Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) rest Sustained Attention Response (SART) duri...

Several surgical approaches are being used to induce myocardial ischemia in rats. The present study investigated two different operative procedures in spontaneously breathing and mechanically ventilated rats under sham conditions. A snare around the left coronary artery (LCA) was achieved without occlusion. Left lateral thoracotomy was performed in spontaneously breathing and mechanically venti...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of blanching treatment (98 °C for 3 and 6 min) and air drying temperature of 40, 50 and 60 °C on the thin layer drying characteristics such as drying time, drying rate constant, effective moisture diffusivity and activation energy, as well as on anthocyanin content of black carrot shreds. It was observed that drying temperature affected the dry...

We examined the effect of short-term heat acclimation with permissive dehydration (STHADe) on heat acclimation (HA) and cycling performance in a temperate environment. Ten trained male cyclists [mean (SD) maximal oxygen uptake: 63.3(4.0) mL/kg/min; peak power output (PPO): 385(40) W; training: 10 (3) h/week] underwent a STHADe program consisting of 5 days of exercise (maximum 90 min/day) in a h...

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and microwave-assisted hydrolysis (MAAH) were developed for the sample preparation of guava leaves prior to GC determination of quercetin and its glycosides. Ethanol was selected as the solvent. The optimum MAE temperature, particle size, solvent volume and MAE time are 120 degrees C, 40 - 60 mesh, 20 mL and 5 min, respectively; the optimum MAAH temperature a...

Minitracheostomy for effective pulmonary toilet was performed on day 5. However, he maintained a saturation of 94%, PaO2 of 64 mmHg and respiratory rate of 35–40 on ventimask. He was advised HFNC oxygenation with a peak inspiratory flow of 50 L/min and FiO2 of 60% initially by device (AIRVO 2 ® Fisher Packel, Auckland, New Zealand). Initially, the patient showed improved saturation to 100% with...

in this study, vanadium recovery from the steelmaking converter slag was studied. salt roasting-basic leaching is the process which was applied to separate and extract vanadium from steel making slag. ground slag was roasted after mixing with determined quantities of sodium carbonate. the effect of time and temperature of roasting and sodium carbonate content were studied. the optimum temperatu...