Experimental Section Cross-polarised optical microscopy was performed using an Olympus BH-2 microscope coupled to a Leica DM-IRB digital camera. The gel samples were sealed two glass plates using vacuum grease to enable aging observations. Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments were performed using a rotating anode with a copper target (λ = 1.54 Å). The distance between the sample and ...

An automated headspace gas-chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of acetone in the milk, blood and urine of dairy cows. Five ml samples were saturated with 2 g of sodium chloride and equilibrated for 30 min at 90 degrees C in a Hewlett-Packard HP 19395 A automatic headspace sampler. The headspace volatiles were transferred without splitting to a 25 m x 0.3 mm x 0.4 mic...

Abstract Solar desalination is one of many methods to separate excess salt from seawater. In this work, solar energy applied because its economical and environmental value. Additionally, practical use in the coastal region. To increase distillate produced by still, four variations cover thickness three inclination angle are still. The used work 3 mm, 5 8 10 mm 25°, 30°, 45°. type still that a r...

The mutagenic effect of gamma rays, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and sodium Azide (SA) used either singly or in combination were observed for induced genetic variability for yield and yield traits in M and 2 M generation in the two cultivars of Basmati rice. The observation mean range and coefficient of variation (CV) 3 suggest that the mutagen treatment had wider values than the control. The...

In this report we describe a new linear position transducer based on the giant magneto resistance (GMR) effect. The GMR effect is a phenomenon observed in multilayer structures consisting of ferromagnetic, antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic metal films. The transducer consists of four GMR elements configured in a Wheatstone bridge with 380 Ohms nominal resistance of each leg. GMR elements were ...

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and neuronal NOS protein increased in proximal tubules of acidotic diabetic rats 3-5 wk after streptozotocin injection. NOS activity (citrulline production) was similar in nondiabetic and diabetic tubules incubated with low glucose (5 mM glucose + 20 mM mannitol); but after 30 min with high glucose (25 mM), Ca-sensitive citrulline production had increased...

Thiopental induces a negative inotropic effect on mammalian heart muscle, where it decreases Ca2+ current and Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduces K+ currents. We analysed the effects of thiopental on the mechanical and electrical activities of rat myocardium, which differ markedly from those of other mammals. The effects of thiopental on mechanical parameters and on the tra...

Awayda, Mouhamed S. Regulation of the epithelial Na1 channel by intracellular Na1. Am. J. Physiol. 277 (Cell Physiol. 46): C216–C224, 1999.—The hypothesis that the intracellular Na1 concentration ([Na]i) is a regulator of the epithelial Na1 channel (ENaC) was tested with the Xenopus oocyte expression system by utilizing a dual-electrode voltage clamp. [Na]i averaged 48.1 6 2.2 meq (n 5 27) and ...