Informal entrepreneurs have been viewed variously as reluctant participants in such endeavors doing so out of economic necessity because their exclusion from formal work and welfare (structuralist theory), or willing who voluntarily exit the economy either a rational decision (neo-liberal theory) social actors do not agree with rules regulations state (neo-institutional theory). The aim this pa...

*We would like to thank Bengt Holmstrom, Jozsef Sakovics, and Jonathan Thomas for helpful conversations. We acknowledge financial support from the U.S. National Science Foundation through the National Bureau of Economic Research; the Leverhulme Trust; and the U.K. Economic and Social Research Council. This paper was written while the first author was on sabbatical at the London School of Econom...

We agree that as documented by literature up till 2004 many international residency programmes had faced these problems. However, they studied this issue and effectively made polices and amendments.1 Subsequently, programme directors of many US training programmes included research as one of the selection criteria.2,3 Others vary from a fixed to less inflexible implementation of this criteria.4...

In this paper, I address the problem of auxiliary selection in Standard Italian and Southern Italo-Romance varieties. former, depends on argument structure, latter person feature subject. However, features arguments play a crucial role even languages where is structure- driven. Therefore, propose that result Agree both systems. Cross-linguistic variation due to single syntactic parameter (the o...

These are three of the things that Bjorn Lomborg wants you to know about climate change. All three are true. All three are responses to mass media oversimplifications of the threat of climate change. Such oversimplification is an important problem to address if you agree with Lomborg’s premise that the world is in danger of exaggerating the importance of climate change and doing too much to com...

high processing loads, need for complicated and frequent updating, and high false alarm are some of the challenges in designing anomaly detection and misuse detection systems. we propose a new network-based intrusion detection system (ids) that resolves such shortcomings. our scheme fuses anomaly detection and misuse detection systems, which has not been utilized so far in existing systems. in ...