let g be a (p, q) graph. let k be an integer with 2 ≤ k ≤ p and f from v (g) to the set {1, 2, . . . , k} be a map. for each edge uv, assign the label |f(u) − f(v)|. the function f is called a k-difference cordial labeling of g if |νf (i) − vf (j)| ≤ 1 and |ef (0) − ef (1)| ≤ 1 where vf (x) denotes the number of vertices labelled with x (x ∈ {1, 2 . . . , k}), ef (1) and ef (0) respectively den...

In real-world applications, controllers must operate in the presence of an untold number of off-nominal conditions that either were not or could not be accounted for during formal synthesis. Engineers compensate for these real-world effects by extensive simulation and testing. Only after extensive evaluation and validation can a controller be accepted for critical applications. In addition, it ...

Wheel/rail contact simulation is one of the most complicated problems in the modeling of railway vehicles. The wheel/rail interaction plays a unique role in rail vehicle dynamics. In this paper, the dynamic response of the wheel on irregular rail track is analyzed with analytical approach using the method of Multiple Scales (MMS). The Hertzian contact theory is used to obtain the relationshi...

This paper presents a comprehensive wheel model that can quantitatively evaluate traction performance of flexible/rigid wheels driving on deformable terrain. The proposed model exploits a terramechanics-based approach with taking account of pressures generated by wheel elasticity as well as terrain stiffness. Deflection of a flexible wheel typically depends on a relative pressure between the wh...

Wheel contour extraction from image is an important unit of any vision-based traffic accident analysis system, and automatically doing it is still a difficult task due to various distracting factors such as low contrast between the wheel and the ground, different wheel types and various weather conditions etc. In this work, a new automatic wheel extraction method is proposed, in which rather th...

Wheel out-of-roundness (OOR) inevitably jeopardizes the safety of railway operations. Regular visual inspection and checking by experienced workers are the commonly adopted practices to identify wheel defects. However, the defects may not be spotted in time. The paper puts forward a new method to real-time monitor wheel OOR based on PVDF strain sensor. Track strain response upon wheel-rail inte...