Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells is a critical step in Salmonella infection and requires the expression of genes located in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). A key factor for SPI-1 expression is DNA adenine (Dam) methylation, which activates synthesis of the SPI-1 transcriptional activator HilD. Dam-dependent regulation of hilD is postranscriptional (and therefore indirect), ind...

BACKGROUND Chad Lake is a central place in a region with a high prevalence of vitamin A deficiency. Spirulina, a natural source of β-carotene, is traditionally produced and eaten as "Dihé" around Chad Lake. β-carotene spirulina has been found to have a high conversion factor to retinol. The aim of the study was to assess if the retinol status between healthy women eating spirulina Dihé daily (S...

Software Process Improvement (SPI) has become the most popular approach to delivering improvements to the software product. Based on statistical process control, the underlying theme is that by understanding and defining the current state of a company’s software development processes, quality practitioners and managers can sufficiently determine and control areas within the development process ...

Chemical cross-linking modification can significantly enhance the tensile strength (TS) of soy protein isolate (SPI)-based composites, but usually at the cost of a reduction in the elongation at break (EB). In this study, eco-friendly and high-potential hybrid SPI-based nanocomposites with improved TS were fabricated without compromising the reduction of EB. The hybrid of carboxymethylated chit...

Different advances have been made in the development of software process improvement (SPI) standards and models, e.g. capability maturity model (CMM), more recently CMMI, and ISO’s SPICE. However, these advances have not been matched by equal advances in the adoption of these standards and models in software development which has resulted in limited success for many SPI efforts. The current pro...

A novel filarial serine protease inhibitor (SPI) from the human parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus, Ov-SPI-1, was identified through the analysis of a molting third-stage larvae expressed sequence tag dataset. Subsequent analysis of the expressed sequence tag datasets of O. volvulus and other filariae identified four other members of this family. These proteins are related to the low molecu...

Agriculture and raising livestock are human activities highly affected by drought. In Mexico, the Veracruz territory is seriously this phenomenon. Our study had two objectives: (1) to analyze drought evolution through Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) maximum temperature in central zone of state for period 1980–2018; (2) describe relationship between yield corn grain cattle, SPI, area. The...

The topoisomerase I inhibitor GL147211C [7-[(4-methylpiperazino)methyl]-10,11-(ethylenedioxy)-(20S)-campto thecin trifluoroacetate], a camptothecin analogue, has significant activity in tumor cell cytotoxicity assays in vitro and antitumor activity in both animal tumor models and human patients. Its toxicity is significant, however, effectively limiting the amount of drug that can be administer...

Received: 29 December 2008 Revised: 1 October 2009 2nd Revision: 13 November 2009 3rd Revision: 28 February 2010 Accepted: 1 March 2010 Abstract Software Process Improvement (SPI) projects are large-scale, complex organization-wide change initiatives. They require considerable investments in personnel, time and money and impact just about every aspect of software firms. The group charged with c...

We have developed a novel ileal loop model for use in calves to analyze the contribution of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium type III secretion systems to disease processes in vivo. Our model involves constructing ileal loops with end-to-end anastamoses to restore the patency of the small intestine, thereby allowing experimental animals to convalesce following surgery for the desired num...