We examine the solar neutrino Ñux, as measured by the Homestake neutrino detector, to search for evidence of a dependence upon the solar latitude of the Earth-Sun line that varies from south in 7¡.25 mid-March to north in mid-September. Although the Ñux does not obviously show any dependence 7¡.25 on latitude, we do Ðnd evidence for a dependence of the variance of the Ñux upon latitude. When da...

The overall amount of precipitation deposited along the West Coast and western cordillera of North America from 258 to 558N varies from year to year, and superimposed on this domain-average variability are varying north–south contrasts on timescales from at least interannual to interdecadal. In order to better understand the north–south precipitation contrasts, their interannual and decadal var...

—Winter severity (temperature, duration, and photocycle), geographic origin, food availability, and initial body size likely influence growth, survival, and, therefore, recruitment of age0 largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. We collected age-0 largemouth bass (70–160 mm total length) from low (338N), intermediate (408N), and high (458N) latitudes throughout their natural range (origin), and ...

The winter climate of Europe and the Mediterranean is dominated by the weather systems of the mid-latitude storm tracks. The behaviour of the storm tracks is highly variable, particularly in the eastern North Atlantic, and has a profound impact on the hydroclimate of the Mediterranean region. A deeper understanding of the storm tracks and the factors that drive them is therefore crucial for int...

High-resolution analyses of lake sediment from southwestern Alaska reveal cyclic variations in climate and ecosystems during the Holocene. These variations occurred with periodicities similar to those of solar activity and appear to be coherent with time series of the cosmogenic nuclides 14C and 10Be as well as North Atlantic drift ice. Our results imply that small variations in solar irradianc...

[1] The presence of an extensive ice-rich layer in the near subsurface of the Martian regolith could result in viscous creep responsible for softening of craters at middle and high latitudes. The temperature of ground ice will vary spatially within a crater owing to the effect of slope on the effective angle of insolation. The temperature at a particular latitude will also vary temporally owing...

The scale of cloud clusters occurring in the tropical North Pacific is objectively derived from vidicon data received from the ESSA satellites for July and October 1967 and January and April 1968. Attention is focused on the intertropical convergence zone, which is defined to be the 10' latitude strip .with greatest average brightness. The predominant width of cloud clusters is found to range f...

The nests of some mound-building ants are thought to serve an important function as passive solar collectors. To test this hypothesis, imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren, S. richteri Forel, and their hybrid) mound shape characteristics (south facing slope angle and area, mound height, and basal elongation in the plane of the ground) were quantified in 2005 and 2006 at a number of locat...

Certain phenotypic traits of plants vary with latitude of origin. To understand if tannin concentration varies among populations of tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) according to a latitudinal gradient, an analytical method was adapted from an enological tannin assay. The tannin content (wet basis) of tamarisk foliage collected from 160 plants grown in a common garden ranged from 8.26 to 62.36 mg/g and w...

Identifying leads and lags between high- and low-latitude abrupt climate shifts is needed to understand where and how such events were triggered. Vascular plant biomarkers preserved in Cariaco basin sediments reveal rapid vegetation changes in northern South America during the last deglaciation, 15,000 to 10,000 years ago. Comparing the biomarker records to climate proxies from the same sedimen...