Gall bladder bile is more acid that hepatic bile and this has been attributed to bicarbonate absorption by the gall bladder epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the acid base changes that occur across the human gall bladder mucosa. Fresh gall bladder tissue was obtained at cholecystectomy and placed in an Ussing Chamber and perfused with Ringer-Krebs glucose bicarbonate...

Many studies over the past twenty years have documented the richness of arthropod galling species around the world, and some have proposed hypotheses to explain local and global patterns of galling species richness. However, few studies have been directed toward understanding how the gall-inducing species are locally distributed. The aim of this study was to determine the distribution of gall-i...

IntrOductIOn Diverticulum of the gall bladder is an important but distinct anatomical entity with significant clinical implications. Congenital diverticulum of the gall bladder is one of the rarest of all anomalies, corroborated by its very low incidence and infrequent reports and references in the literature [1]. Diverticulum can be of congenital or acquired variety. The congenital type contai...

BACKGROUND Gold standard treatment for symptomatic gall stones is laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Ultrasonically activated devices have been used for gall bladder dissection in LC. Harmonic scalpel (HS) is the leading ultrasonically cutting coagulation device offering surgeons important benefits. The main aim of our study was to compare the surgical outcomes of LC performed by HS to that per...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Even if the motor activity of the gall bladder and sphincter of Oddi (SO) are integrated, it is not known if the presence of stones in the gall bladder affects SO function. The aim of the study was to compare SO motor activity in patients with and without gall stones. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a series of 155 patients consecutively submitted to endoscopic retrograde cholangi...

To evaluate whether the extent of postprandial gall bladder emptying is correlated with gall bladder fasting volume, gall bladder motility was studied in 56 patients with cholesterol gall stone and 19 control patients. Gall bladder volumes were determined sonographically, while cholecystokinin plasma values were measured radioimmunologically. Twenty three per cent of gall stone patients were cl...

Free amino acid constituents were determined of grape stem and Phylloxera leaf gall callus in tissue culture. Fast, medium and slow growing single cell clones of, respectively, stem and gall origins were grown on a mineral salt-sucrose medium supplemented with coconut milk and alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid. Stem and gall clones showed qualitative similarities and quantitative variations in the a...

This study aims to describe the validity of thematic-based PJOK modules for grade IV elementary schools in odd semesters. The research used is development (Research & Development), Borg and Gall. subjects were 18 teachers from three sub-districts Medan City, namely (Medan Johor, Selayang, Deli), as well 3 expert validators.A questionnaire collect information. module category was found be ve...