We introduce a model of a two-core system, based on an equation of the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) type, coupled to another GL equation, which may be linear or nonlinear. One core is active, featuring intrinsic linear gain, while the other one is lossy. The difference from previously studied models involving a pair of linearly coupled active and passive cores is that the stabilization of the system is...

To examine socioeconomic factors, dietary and other personal habits, and medical history as risk factors for ulcerative colitis, we studied 167 (98%) of all prevalent cases of ulcerative colitis diagnosed in Uppsala county from 1945 to 1964 and 167 age and sex matched population controls. Ulcerative colitis patients were less likely than controls to be current cigarette, pipe, or cigar smokers ...

Using multiple samples collected via an indwelling venous cannula changes in blood carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) were studied in five subjects before, during and up to 24 hr after smoking. On average the smoking, with inhalation, of one cigarette in 64 min raised the % COHb by 1-6, compared with 2-2 for 24 min of inhaled cigar smoking and only 0-2 for 20 min of non-inhaled pipe smoking. It is sugge...

The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act prohibits "characterizing flavors" (e.g., candy, fruit, and chocolate) other than tobacco and menthol in cigarettes; however, characterizing flavors are not currently prohibited in other tobacco products. Analyses of retail sales data suggest that U.S. consumption of flavored noncigarette tobacco products, including flavored cigars and ...

In artificial intelligence and pervasive computing research, inferring users’ high-level goals from activity sequences is an important task. A major challenge in goal recognition is that users often pursue several high-level goals in a concurrent and interleaving manner, where the pursuit of goals may spread over different parts of an activity sequence and may be pursued in parallel. Existing a...

BACKGROUND Although there has been concern about the levels of carbon monoxide exposure, particularly among older people, little is known about COHb levels and their determinants in the general population. We examined these issues in a study of older British men. METHODS Cross-sectional study of 4252 men aged 60-79 years selected from one socially representative general practice in each of 24...

OBJECTIVE The use of smokeless tobacco (ST) (snuff and chewing tobacco) has long been associated with baseball in the USA. This article reviews six years of survey data from major and minor league baseball players to evaluate trends in tobacco use and quitting patterns over time in order to gain insight into the effects of past interventions and to document continued intervention needs. METHO...