Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. sensu lato (s.l.) is a dangerous forest pathogen causing root and butt rot disease in most conifers of the northern hemisphere. This widespread forests Europe North America. The economic impact on forestry related to tree mortality, reduction timber yield, wood calculated millions dollars euros. genus (Basidiomycota; Russulales) has been relatively recently se...

Abandoned cropland may lead to a series of issues regarding the environment, ecology, and food security. In hilly areas, is prone be abandoned due scattered planting, relatively fewer sunlight hours, lower agricultural input–output ratio. Furthermore, impact rainfed differs from irrigated cropland; thus, corresponding land strategies vary accordingly. Unfortunately, monitoring still an enormous...

The societal and environmental impacts of mining activity are the focus of greater interest today than ever before. Many emerging economies are in the process of developing environmental policies for the first time. These new policies will surely affect how mining operations are expected to perform: producing the raw material needed to drive the economy at the lowest possible cost becomes as im...

We tested the effect of Urban Resources Initiative summer greenspace projects on both environmental expression of social norms of land use in residential abandoned lots and on the emotionality, violence perceptions and safety-related behavior of New Haven residents in August of 2000. URI greenspace projects were found to increase the vibrancy of social use of abandoned parcels in New Haven. At ...

Abstract The EU Biodiversity strategy aims to plant 3 billion trees by 2030, in order improve ecosystem restoration and biodiversity. Here, we compute the land area that would be required support this number of newly planted taking account different tree species planting regimes across member states. We find require a total between 0.81 1.37 Mha (avg. 1.02 Mha). historic forest expansion since ...

An afforestation project was initiated in the western plain of Taiwan to convert abandoned farming lands into forests to improve the ecological and environmental conditions. This study was conducted to understand the potential impacts of this land cover change on evapotranspiration (ET) and other land surface processes and the differences in the impacts under clear and rainy weather conditions....

Tropical forests and the animals they support are being threatened by accelerating rates of forest conversion and degradation. In a continually fluctuating sociopolitical world, it is often impossible to protect areas from such conversion until the political environment is suitable to pursue conservation goals, by which time, the forests have often been converted to other uses. This reality sug...