Chronic microgravity may modify adaptations of the leg circulation to gravitational pressures. We measured resting calf compliance and blood flow with venous occlusion plethysmography, and arterial blood pressure with sphygmomanometry, in seven subjects before, during, and after spaceflight. Calf vascular resistance equaled mean arterial pressure divided by calf flow. Compliance equaled the slo...

Abstract Between December 2016 and April 2017, a spate of abortions occurred in closed dairy herd from the central eastern region Paraná, Brazil, which 75 cows aborted. To identify its cause, organ fragments were collected an aborted fetus for histopathology, blood samples stillborn, 4 fetuses, 9 farm dogs indirect fluorescent antibody technique (IFAT). These tests found multifocal non-suppurat...

A new species, Cryptosporidium ubiquitum, previously identified as the Cryptosporidium cervine genotype and infrequently as the cervid, W4 or genotype 3 genotype, is described. In published studies this genotype was reported in wild and domesticated ruminants, rodents, carnivores and primates including humans. In the present study oocysts were found in feces from a captive prehensile-tailed por...

Limb venous compliance decreases with advancing age, even in healthy humans. To test the hypothesis that adrenergic mechanisms contribute to age-associated reductions in limb venous compliance, we measured calf venous compliance before and during acute systemic α- and β-adrenergic blockade in eight young (27 ± 1 yr old, mean ± SE) and eight older healthy men (67 ± 2 yr old). Calf venous complia...

Hepatic lipidosis is a prevalent metabolic disorder, and in vivo models to study intermediary lipid metabolism are needed dairy cows. Objectives were apply method induce hyperlipidemia characterize the responses safety of intervention feed-restricted dry Holstein cows at 8 mo gestation. It was hypothesized that infusion tyloxapol would without deleterious effects on health Pregnant, nonlactatin...

Choices made by nutritionists and milk replacer manufacturers of nutrient levels and milk replacer ingredients, coupled with choices by calf feeders about feeding rate and calf body weight, largely determine calf growth rate, efficiency of feed conversion, and cost of gain. These choices also largely determine later feedlot performance and carcass composition. For example, early calf nutrition ...

Records of 547, 2-yr-old heifers of three breed groups were used to evaluate the relative influence of dam's body and pelvic measurements, calf birth weight, sire birth weight and some relative measures (ratios) of calf birth weight and dam weight at calving on calving difficulty. The data were analyzed by regression and least squares procedures. The full model explained 32.5% of the variation ...

Relationships between air quality, a variety of environmental risk factors, and calf respiratory health were studied in 13 naturally ventilated calf barns during winter. A minimum of 12 preweaned calves were randomly selected and scored for the presence of respiratory disease in each barn. An air sampling device was used to determine airborne bacteria colony-forming units per cubic meter (cfu/m...

Cellular proliferation of rat glioma C6 BU1 cells in tissue culture is dependent on the presence of either calf or foetal-calf serum in the medium. Foetal-calf serum stimulated a high-affinity GTPase in membranes derived from C6 BU1 cells. Pretreatment of the cells with pertussis toxin decreased the high-affinity GTPase activity substantially, and attenuated the foetal-calf-serum-stimulated inc...