Atmospheric aerosol Atmospheric aerosol is a variable, yet critical component of the climate system and has substantial impact on climate change. [1-3] Aerosols affect climate directly, by scattering and absorbing solar radiation, and indirectly, by acting as cloud condensation nuclei, CCN. Clouds may reduce the incident radiation on the surface, increase or decrease temperatures, and suppress ...

[1] Detailed urban‐scale processing has not been included in global 3D chemical transport models due to its large computational demands. Here we present a metamodel for including this processing, and compare it with the use of the traditional approach of dilution of emissions into large grid boxes. This metamodel is used in a global 3D model to simulate the effects of cities around the world on...

[1] The Yosemite Aerosol Characterization Study of summer 2002 (YACS) occurred during an active fire season in the western United States and provided an opportunity to investigate many unresolved issues related to the radiative effects of biomass burning aerosols. Single particle analysis was performed on field-collected aerosol samples using an array of electron microscopy techniques. Amorphou...

This paper, Part 1 of two papers, presents a parametric study of the forwardscattering corrections for experimentally measured optical extinction coefficients in homogeneous aerosol media, since some forwardscattered light invariably enters, along with the direct beam, into the finite aperture of the detector. Part 1 treats the case of monodispersions; Part 2, that of polydispersions. Forwardsc...

In the spring of 2008 NASA and NOAA funded the ARCTAS and ARCPAC field campaigns as contributions to POLARCAT, a core IPY activity. During the campaigns the NASA DC-8, P-3B and NOAA WP-3D aircraft conducted over 160 h of in-situ sampling between 0.1 and 12 km throughout the Western Arctic north of 55 N (i.e. Alaska to Greenland). All aircraft were equipped with multiple wavelength measurements ...

PURPOSE The optimal pacing mode with either single chamber atrial pacemaker (AAI or AAIR) or dual chamber pacemaker (DDD or DDDR) is still not clear in sinus-node dysfunction (SND) and intact atrioventricular (AV) conduction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who were implanted with permanent pacemaker using AAI(R) (n = 73) or DDD(R) (n = 113) were compared. RESULTS The baseline characteristic...

Animal-assisted Intervention (AAI) is a goal-oriented intervention that intentionally includes or incorporates animals in health, education, and human service for the purpose of therapeutic gains in humans. AAI incorporates human-animal teams in formal human service such as Animal-assisted Therapy (AAT) or Animal-assisted Education (AAE). Animal-assisted Activity (AAA) is the informal AAI often...

To be submitted to IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING 2 Abstract-Geostationary data from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) in conjunction with A-Train data are used to develop an algorithm for detecting absorbing aerosols above liquid clouds (AAC). The detection relies on spectral signatures, textural characteristics, and time-dependent spectral variatio...

We show that methylglyoxal forms lightabsorbing secondary organic material in aqueous ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate solutions mimicking tropospheric aerosol particles. The kinetics were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results suggest that the bimolecular reaction of methylglyoxal with an ammonium or hydronium ion is the rate-limiting step for the formation of light-abs...