Calcium oxide is one of the appropriate catalysts for biodiesel production. In this study, cheap and compatible with environment catalyst has been used. Mussel shell of Persian Gulf coast is one of the sources of calcium carbonate that is converted to calcium oxide at calcination temperature up to 950°C. Transesterification reaction was carried out at optimum condition of our previous study...

Background and Objectives: Chemical synthesis and extraction of flavorings from natural sources include disadvantages. However, biotechnology is a preferred method for biosynthesis of flavorings. The objective of this study was to synthesize natural esters with fruity flavors in whey using lipase of Palatase in combination with ethanol fermentation. Materials and Methods: Lactobacillus ferment...

The chemical composition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) from seeds of S. thymbra and S. cuneifolia were analyzed by GC/MS. 7 FAMEs were identified from the seeds of S. thymbra mainly as 9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (43.9%), hexadecanoic acid methyl ester (11.4%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (30.2%), and octadecanoic acid methyl ester (14.1%), while from the seed ...

We developed new benzofurazan (NBD) labeled probes for fluorocarbon surfactant systems. The fluorescence behavior depended on the solubilization site of the fluorescent probes in the surfactant aggregates. The NBD-labeled probes suffered virtually complete reduction in the presence of Na2S2O4 owing to the solubilization at the surface of 2-hydroxy-1,1,2,3,3-pentahydroperfluoroundecyldiethylammo...

In the mosquito Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae), the amplification of carboxylesterase genes is an important mechanism providing resistance to organophosphate insecticides. Various amplified alleles at the Ester locus have been identified over the world. In this study, two newly detected Ester alleles, Ester(B10) and Ester(11) (including associated Ester(A11) and Ester(B11)), coding ...

Alimentary llpemla stimulates the transfer of cholesteryl ester between llpoprotelns In vitro and may alter llpoprotein cholesteryl ester distribution In vivo. The effect of a single, large oral fat load on lipoproteln cholesteryl ester redistribution and the activity of cholesteryl ester transfer protein was investigated In six normolipldemlc men (Group A), six combined hyperiipidemic men (Gro...

The 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of 3-nitro-2(1H)-quinolones with ester-stabilized azomethine ylides derived from sarcosine ester and various aromatic aldehydes has been investigated. structure stereochemistry cycloadducts were studied in detail by X-ray NMR spectroscopy methods.

The reaction of [Ln(btfa)3(H2O)2] (btfa- = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionate) with additional 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione (Hbtfa) and acridine (Acr) in ethanol allows the isolation mononuclear compounds HAcr[Nd(btfa)4]·EtOH, (1) HAcr[Ln(btfa)4], Ln Dy (2) Yb (3); HAcr+ acridinium cation. Magnetic measurements indicate that complexes 1–3 show field-induced single-ion magnet...