background: the aim of the present study was the comparison of humoral and cell-mediated immunity in broilers fed with different levels of zinc during a coccidiosis challenge. methods: one hundred and forty- four one-day-old broiler chicks were used with three dietary zinc (40, 120 and 200 mg/kg). at 14 d of age, all birds were inoculated orally with 5×10 3 sporulated oocysts of e. tenella . at...

3010 Background: Our initial vaccine studies showed that optimally treated breast cancer patients can be immunized against HER2 during active immunization. The majority of patients developed T-cell immunity to HER2 peptides and protein and also epitope spreading (ES). The goal of this study was to determine if patients previously immunized with a HER2 vaccine had persistent immunity years after...

humoral immune response of vaccine-i (supermatent from sonicated sporulated oocyst), vaccine –ii (sediment from sonicated sporulated oocyst) and vaccine –iii (un-sonicated sporulated oocyst) against conccidiosis in chickens was determined by indirect haemagglutination (iha) test. iha antibody titre was significantly higher (p

Naja naja atra venom (NNAV) is composed of various proteins, peptides, and enzymes with different biological and pharmacological functions. A number of previous studies have reported that NNAV exerts potent analgesic effects on various animal models of pain. The clinical studies using whole venom or active components have confirmed that NNAV is an effective and safe medicine for treatment of ch...

Viral infection triggers innate immune signaling, which in turn induces interferon-β (IFN-β) production to establish innate antiviral immunity. Previous studies showed that Gcn5 (Kat2a), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) with partial functional redundancy with PCAF (Kat2b), and Gcn5/PCAF-mediated histone H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) are enriched on the active IFNB gene promoter. However, whether G...

The realization that tumor cells utilize multiple mechanisms to escape from immune recognition and destruction has stimulated interest in developing and applying immunotherapeutic strategies which target both humoral and cellular immunity to malignant cells. As a result, the tumor-associated antigens (TAA) used as targets have to be expressed on the cell surface membrane of malignant cells. Fur...

Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) play central roles in bacterial pathogenesis and innate immunity. The mammalian enzyme cGAS synthesizes a unique cyclic dinucleotide (cGAMP) containing a 2'-5' phosphodiester linkage essential for optimal immune stimulation, but the molecular basis for linkage specificity is unknown. Here, we show that the Vibrio cholerae pathogenicity factor DncV is a prokaryotic cG...

Viral infection triggers innate immune signaling, which in turn induces interferon-b (IFN-b) production to establish innate antiviral immunity. Previous studies showed that Gcn5 (Kat2a), a histone acetyltransferase (HAT) with partial functional redundancy with PCAF (Kat2b), and Gcn5/PCAF-mediated histone H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) are enriched on the active IFNB gene promoter. However, whether G...

Ribotoxins cleave essential RNAs for cell killing, and RNA repair neutralizes the damage inflicted by ribotoxins for cell survival. Here we report a new bacterial RNA repair complex that performs RNA repair linked to immunity. This new RNA repair complex is a 270-kDa heterohexamer composed of three proteins-Pnkp1, Rnl and Hen1-that are required to repair ribotoxin-cleaved RNA in vitro. The crys...