Androgen receptor plays multiple physiological and pathological roles in human organism. In the current paper, we describe construction and characterization of a novel stably transfected human reporter cell line AIZ-AR for assessment of transcriptional activity of human androgen receptor. Cell line AIZ-AR is derived from human prostate carcinoma epithelial cell line 22Rv1 that was transfected w...

The therapies available for prostate cancer patients whom progress from hormone-sensitive to castration resistant prostate cancer include both systemic drugs, including docetaxel and cabazitaxel, and drugs that inhibit androgen signaling such as enzalutamide and abiraterone. Unfortunately, it is estimated that up to 30% of patients have primary resistance to these treatments and over time even ...

Oxidative stress caused by an increase in reactive oxygen species levels or a decrease in cellular antioxidant capacity can evoke the modulation of various cellular events including androgen receptor (AR) signaling via direct or indirect interactions. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of AR activation by oxidative stress including: i) AR overexpression; ii) AR activation by AR co-regu...

The androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors and is central to prostate cancer (PCa) progression. Ligand-activated AR engages androgen response elements (AREs) at androgen-responsive genes to drive the expression of gene batteries involved in cell proliferation and cell fate. Understanding the transcriptional targets of the AR has become cr...

UNLABELLED T helper (Th)17 cells have been implicated in the development of allergic rhinitis (AR), but their response to specific immunotherapy (SIT) remains unclear. We investigated the impact of SIT on Th17 response and Th1/Th2 changes in AR patients. Blood samples from AR patients (n = 20) who were monosensitized to house dust mite (HDM) were collected before the initiation of SIT (SIT-untr...

RATIONALE Phosphorylation of β(2)-adrenergic receptor (β(2)AR) by a family of serine/threonine kinases known as G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) and protein kinase A (PKA) is a critical determinant of cardiac function. Upregulation of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is a well-established causal factor of heart failure, but the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. OBJEC...

Enhanced airway responsiveness (AR) is a well-established characteristic of asthma that epidemiological evidence has linked with inhalation of ambient particulate matter (PM). To determine whether acute exposure to urban particulate matter PM1648 can exacerbate airway responsiveness and alter the early inflammatory state, a unique murine model was created using DO11.10 mice, transgenic for a T ...

The pioneering factor FOXA1 opens chromatin to facilitate androgen receptor (AR) binding to prostate-specific genes. How FOXA1 controls the AR cistrome, however, is incompletely understood. Here we show that AR directly binds chromatin through the androgen response elements (AREs). FOXA1 is not required for AR-chromatin interaction, but instrumental in recruiting AR to low-affinity half-AREs by...

Castration-recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC) is suspected to depend on androgen receptor (AR). The AF-1 region in the amino-terminal domain (NTD) of AR contains most, if not all, of the transcriptional activity. Here we identify EPI-001, a small molecule that blocked transactivation of the NTD and was specific for inhibition of AR without attenuating transcriptional activities of related steroid...

In order to improve the visual effect of AR live video detail texture, an adaptive enhancement algorithm based on approximate matching is proposed. According local self-similarity original image, best block initial super-resolution image obtained. After extracting its high-frequency information, improved singular value decomposition (SVD) used embed watermark into gray image; And through extrac...