the theoretical base of this paper is the economic growth model that completed with capital stocks (private and public) and human capital. at the first, hypothesis test about constant returns to scale is studied, and then the related variables with macroeconomic policies are added to the model. the results show that 1) the aggregate production function exhibits increasing returns to scale, 2) p...

No public policy issue is more important than the structure and level of taxes. Governments have fallen because of tax reform. Proposals to extend the value-added tax (VAT) or increase its rates have caused po liti cal agitation in many countries, including Ec ua dor and Mexico. In many less-developed countries, a shortage of funds impedes development eff orts, yet attempts to increase tax reve...

Our study shows that China's export value-added tax (VAT) rebate system is a major industrial policy affects its exports. We use data at the HS6 product level for panel of 329 Chinese cities over 2003–2012 period to assess how changes in VAT have affected performance. consider different trade margins terms volumes, prices, and number countries served. To counter endogeneity, we exploit variatio...

This article used China as an example to study how tax reform affects the innovative behavior of companies. Our research showed that value-added (VAT) can affect corporate innovation behavior. On basis patent-application data Chinese enterprises, we difference-in-differences framework differences in performance industrial enterprises patent applications before and after China’s 2009 VAT reform....