Homeostasis is the manifestation of a large network of integrated metabolic reactions and signaling pathways designed to maintain life and function in a stable manner. Insulin is an integral part of this regulatory network and affects virtually all its parts. The actions of insulin vary in time (1) as well as in the various tissues it affects as demonstrated, for example, by selective receptor ...

Introduction Based on recent development in molecular analysis techniques for tiny amounts of human secretory substances, several attempts have evaluated the physiological effects induced by mental stress and/or relaxation. Such psychophysiological studies have drastically advanced over the last decade, forming such inter-disciplinary scientific fields called “Psychoneuroendocrinology” and/or “...

Modern medicine cannot avoid the understanding of the fine-tuned communication between the many, seemingly distinct systems in the body. An excellent example of this is the challenge to understand the bi-directional communication between the brain and the immune system. Brain-immune interactions take place in different organs, involving a wide range of cells and mediators, coordinated through s...

" There is considerable variability in the clinical course of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus. Because there is good evidence for psychological mediation of immune function, psychosocial or behavioral variables are among the possible cofactors that may influence HIV infection and disease progression. This art...

Unstructured hexahedral mesh generation is a critical part of the modeling process in the Spectral-Element Method (SEM). We present some examples of seismic wave propagation in complex geological models, automatically meshed on a parallel machine based upon CUBIT (Sandia Laboratory, cubit.sandia.gov), an advanced 3D unstructured hexahedral mesh generator that offers new opportunities for seismo...

VPSIO (Vacuolar Protein Sorting) encodes a large type I transmembrane protein (Vpsl0p), involved in the sorting of the soluble vacuolar hydrolase carboxypeptidase Y (CPY) to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysosome-like vacuole. Cells lacking Vpsl0p missorted greater than 90% CPY and 50% of another vacuolar hydrolase, PrA, to the cell surface. In vitro equilibrium binding studies established that ...

Activation of energy-dissipating brown/beige adipocytes represents an attractive therapeutic strategy against metabolic disorders. While lactate is known to induce beiging through the regulation Ucp1 gene expression, role transporters on beige adipocytes' ongoing activity remains poorly understood. To explore function lactate-transporting monocarboxylate (MCTs), we used a combination primary ce...

•Chronic hypoxia stimulates RNA Pol I activity•In hypoxia, a pool of specialized rRNA translates VEGFC IRES•Hypoxia changes 2?-O-Me modification - epitranscriptomic marks on Hypoxia is one the critical stressors encountered by various cells human body under diverse pathophysiologic conditions including cancer and has profound impacts several metabolic physiologic processes. prompts internal rib...

Increased systemic free fatty acids (FFA) impair insulin sensitivity. In obese and diabetic subjects, production of tumor necrosis factor(TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, is elevated. TNFhas a variety of effects by inducing inflammation, decreasing glucose utilization, and stimulating adipocyte lipolysis to release FFA to plasma. High doses of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug salicylates ha...