objectives: this study aimed to investigate the level of problem-solving skills in 1-4 year-old children with early treated phenylketonuria (etpku). methods:this analytic, cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 1-4 year-old children referred to phenylketonuria (pku) clinics that had been diagnosed on screening at birth and had been treated. the measurements were a demographic questionnaire, ...

Current knowledge-based systems are limited because they have little or underlying knowledge of the physics of the problem. In addition, the knowledge structures in these KBS do not provide an adequate foundation for systems than can perform innovative engineering problem solving. In this paper, we present a layered knowledge representation framework (KREEPS) that is being developed at the Inte...

Complex problem solving is often an integration of perceptual processing and deliberate planning. But what balances these two processes, and how do novices differ from experts? We investigate the interplay between these two in the game of SET. This article investigates how people combine bottom-up visual processes and top-down planning to succeed in this game. Using combinatorial and mixed-effe...

The underlying mechanisms giving rise to insightful problem solving are largely unknown, although models have been proposed that suggest phases of incubation, restructuring, and insight. Here, we propose a single computational mechanism that models the dynamics of structuring percepts to create an internal belief representation and subsequent restructuring of that belief representation, in whic...

A first part of this paper gives a rough picture of some difficulties encountered in research, in education, and in problem solving, for integrating them to one another. One can notice a much too global characterization of cognitive processes and a lack in the characterization of semiotic aspects. A second part analyses some theoretical limits to this integration. They are mainly due to the cur...

Latent Problem Solving Analysis (LPSA) is a theory of knowledge representation in complex problem solving that argues that problem spaces can be represented as multidimensional spaces and expertise is the construction of those spaces from immense amounts of experience. The model was applied using a dataset from a longitudinal experiment on control of thermodynamic systems. When the system is tr...

The relationships between agricultural science, invention, production and consumption are conventionally considered in a hierarchical model with consumption at the basis and science at the pinnacle of the hierarchy. Two important shortcomings of that model as a basis for organizing and managing agricultural research are identified. First, the model does not specify how the direction and intensi...

This chapter provides an overview of automated configuration problem solving, including an definition within the context of design and AI Planning, and special cases.