Innovation in healthcare delivery and Pharma requires rethinking old problems, retooling with new methodologies and revisiting the process models that are foundations of our existing knowledge discovery and clinical practice. The continuing proliferation of ubiquitous sensor data, mobile devices and the advent of 3D printing of drugs, together with a social mind shift in data ownership are clea...

For a long time, there were two main theories related to how our universe would end. These were the Big Freeze and the Big Crunch. In short, the Big Crunch claimed that the universe would eventually stop expanding and collapse in on itself. This collapse would result in...well...a big crunch (for lack of a better term). Think “the Big Bang”, except just the opposite. That’s essentially what the...

The early hot, dense, expanding Universe was a primordial reactor in which the light nuclides D, He, He and Li were synthesized in astrophysically interesting abundances. The challenge to the standard hot big bang model (Big Bang Nucleosynthesis ≡ BBN) is the comparison between the observed and predicted abundances, the latter which depend only on the universal abundance of nucleons. The curren...

We explore the Gnedin-Ostriker suggestion that a post-Big-Bang photodissociation process may modify the primordial abundances of the light elements. We consider several specific models and discuss the general features that are necessary (but not necessarily sufficient) to make the model work. We find that with any significant processing, the final D and 3 He abundances, which are independent of...

Proponents of the Millennium Villages Project argue that the complex problems facing rural development in Africa require a ‘big push’ if substantive progress towards the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) is to be made – and propose the simultaneous introduction of improvements in agriculture, health, transport, energy, technology, telecommunications and internet connectivity, costing US$110 p...

Cosmological inflation, if it occurred, radically alters the picture of the ‘big bang’, which would merely point to reheating at the end of inflation. Moreover, this reheating may be only local so that inflation continues elsewhere and forever, continually spawning big-bang-like regions. This chapter reviews this idea of ‘eternal inflation’, then focuses on what this may mean for the ultimate b...

In businesses, implementation of new ERP system is as important as finding the right solution of new enterprise resource planning systems. Understanding and selecting the best practice out of the available huge strategies for implementation the ERP software is very difficult. The aim of this paper is to provide consolidated information and research of each and every strategy as a single point o...

The relic neutrino background has never been directly detected, so we must resort to indirect means to infer its properties. One of the most useful tools available is Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN). By putting neutrino oscillations together with BBN, we may shed light on neutrino mixing, cosmology, or both. We will outline the consequences of oscillations of the relic background neutrinos, for ...

There is a large literature on contagion. It is perhaps the most important systemic risk to the financial system. The term is widely used so this covers many topics. The paper starts with a discussion of exactly how the term is used. Perhaps most importantly it is used to refer to the spread of crises from one country to another through real links such as trade, through portfolio rebalancing an...

Motivated by our earlier paper [1], we discuss how the infamous gravitino problem has a natural built in solution within supersymmetry. Supersymmetry allows a large number of flat directions made up of gauge invariant combinations of squarks and sleptons. Out of many at least one generically obtains a large vacuum expectation value during inflation. Gauge bosons and Gauginos then obtain large m...