Today, tower cranes are in widespread use on construction sites all around the world. An important issue that arises when operating these cranes is the oscillatory behavior that occurs during payload transportation, which can have severe effects on safety as well as accuracy of payload delivery. Due to the nonlinear nature of the rotating crane motion, controlling these oscillations is a comple...

This paper presents a mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model for the optimal design of mechanical counter-flow cooling towers, subjected to standard design constraints. The objective function consists of the minimization of the total annual cost, which includes the capital cost of the cooling tower (that depends on the filling material and the air flowrate) and the operating cost (th...

Scale invariance provides a principled reason for the physical importance of Hilbert space, the Virasoro algebra, the string mode expansion, canonical commutators and Schroedinger evolution of states, independent of the assumptions of string theory and quantum theory. The usual properties of dimensionful fields imply an infinite, projective tower of conformal weights associated with the tangent...