Due to its low C/N ratio and high concentrations of nitrogen phosphorus, the effluent anaerobic cyanobacteria fermentation cannot be directly discharged without further treatment. To effectively reduce nutrient loads utilize resources biogas slurry generated from digestion stored algae, two different aerobic treatment units (AUs) were combined with an ecological unit (EU) create systems. The AU...

Sewage sludge is generated as a result of treating municipal wastewater to remove organic and inorganic impurities from dilute solutions. The treatment results in concentrating the impurities into a smaller volume of liquid, called sludge. The main processes involve sludge stabilisation, dewatering and incineration. The major objective of stabilisation is to make the sludge less odorous and put...

In this study, the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is proposed to achieve simultaneous removal of ammonium, dissolved methane, and sulfide from main-stream and side-stream anaerobic digestion liquors. To avoid dissolved methane stripping, oxygen is introduced through gas-permeable membranes, which also from the substratum for the growth of a biofilm likely comprising ammonium oxidizing bacteria...

Sea cucumbers play an important role in nutrient cycling of marine ecosystems by consuming sediments and moving sand, thus occupying a similar niche to earthworms in terrestrial ecosystems. However, our understanding of microbial diversity and functions associated with sea cucumbers is meager. Here, we isolated 141 bacterial strains under aerobic conditions using various media from the intestin...

Expressing the energy content of food as the heat energy released by its combustion is potentially misleading. Food is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The free energy of conversion of ATP into adenosine diphosphate is used directly for processes such as muscular contraction, without the need for intermediate heat production. The number of ATP molecules produced depends on the task...

Anaerobic digestion has been proposed as an alternative to the conventional disposal methods of burial, incineration, rendering and aerobic composting. A temperature-phased system consisting of one UASB (at 55 degrees C) and three leach-bed reactors (at ambient temperatures) was tested for its efficiencies in treating poultry mortality. The thermophilic UASB was difficult to start-up. It also s...

Endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs), such as estrogen, are known to be present in the aquatic environment at concentrations that negatively affect fish and other wildlife. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are major contributors of EDCs into the environment. EDCs are released via effluent discharge and land application of biosolids. Estrogen removal in WWTPs has been studied in the aqueous ...

Different management options of the organic fraction (OF) generated in a given urban area were analyzed by a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach for different source segregation (SS) intensities ranging from 0% up to 52%. Best management options for the different SS values were represented by the presence of incineration for processing the amount of OF remaining in the residual waste (ROF). Th...

This paper describes a new anaerobic digestion model for wastewater treatment systems (MantisAD). The model has been developed specifically for plant-wide wastewater treatment modelling. That is, rather than modelling nitrogen as a series of fractions of other carbonaceous state variables, this new model includes six dedicated nitrogen state variables. This structure makes this new anaerobic mo...