Background: Skeletal muscle is a tissue that secretes myokines from muscle cells in response to training stimuli and muscle contractions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of 4-week moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on the expression of three genes: apelin, decorin, and musclin in the skeletal muscle fibers of Wistar rats. In addition, the study examined the changes in gen...

We examined whole body aerobic capacity and myocellular markers of oxidative metabolism in lifelong endurance athletes [n = 9, 81 ± 1 yr, 68 ± 3 kg, body mass index (BMI) = 23 ± 1 kg/m(2)] and age-matched, healthy, untrained men (n = 6; 82 ± 1 y, 77 ± 5 kg, BMI = 26 ± 1 kg/m(2)). The endurance athletes were cross-country skiers, including a former Olympic champion and several national/regional ...

The present study examined two contrasting multilevel model structures to describe the developmental (longitudinal) changes in strength and aerobic power in children: 1) an additive polynomial structure and 2) a multiplicative structure with allometric body size components. On the basis of the maximum log-likelihood criterion, the multiplicative "allometric" model was shown to be superior to th...

Previous studies investigating the effects of training in children have been hampered in their interpretation by the confounding effects of growth and development. We followed the development of maximal aerobic power (VO2max) in 453 athletes drawn from soccer, swimming, gymnastics, and tennis. Study design was of a mixed longitudinal type with five age cohorts (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 yr) followed...

Forty-two trained and untrained young Chinese subjects of both sexes were employed for this study. Maximal oxygen uptake and anaerobic threshold were measured with the Beckman Metabolic Measurement Cart (MMC) during incremental work test. Skinfold thickness was measured using a skinfold caliper. Body density was calculated with skinfold thickness according to the formula of Suzuki et al (1975)....

The purpose of this study was to describe the longitudinal (10 yr) decline in aerobic power [maximal O(2) uptake (Vo(2 max))] and anaerobic threshold [ventilatory threshold (T(Ve))] of older adults living independently in the community. Ten years after initial testing, 62 subjects (34 men, mean age 73.5 +/- 6.4 yr; 28 women, 72.1 +/- 5.3 yr) achieved Vo(2 max) criteria during treadmill walking ...