Introduction: VAP increases the patient stay in ICU and indirectly cost of management. Based on time onset VAP, it can be divided into two types. Early-onset occurs during first four days mechanical ventilation is usually caused by antibiotic sensitive bacteria. Late-onset develops five or more after initiation MV multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.5 Early diagnosis with appropriate therapy re...

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the leading causes worldwide. P. aeruginosa a versatile opportunistic pathogen and it third most common organism causing nosocomial urinary infections. With widespread use antibiotics, multidrug resistance pseudomonas continues to go up rapidly. This increases risk mortality morbidity.
 Objective: To determine prevalence understand curren...

Purpose The S100 fused-type proteins hornerin (HRNR) and filaggrin-2 (FLG2) are members of the epidermal differentiation complex, which is involved in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes via cornification as well as maintenance of the epidermal antimicrobial barrier. We investigated the expression and possible regulation of HRNR and FLG2 at the ocular surface and in the lacrimal apparatus...

All pyridine nitriles and esters were metalated at the position next to the directing group using (TMP)(3)CdLi in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The 2-, 3-, and 4-cyanopyridines were treated with 0.5 equiv of base for 2 h to afford, after subsequent trapping with iodine, the corresponding 3-iodo, 2-iodo, and 3-iodo derivatives, respectively, in yields ranging from 30 to 61%. Cyanopyrazine...

BACKGROUND Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ZCL) is a polymorphic disease. It is generally accepted that bacterial superinfection may play a role in the clinical appearance of the lesions and may delay or prevent the healing process. However, the pattern of bacterial pathogens involved has rarely been investigated. MATERIAL/METHODS The aim of this study was to identify the bacterial species ...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Enzymatic modifications of aminoglycosides result in high-level resistance in numerous bacterial species. However, the data on this aspect are elementary in our country. The present study was therefore designed to determine resistance rates and patterns, and to find out the prevalent aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa fr...

Composting manure, if done properly, should kill pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7, providing for an environmentally safe product. Over a 3-year period, samples of composted dairy manure, representing 11 composting operations (two to six samples per producer; 100 total samples), were screened for Salmonella and E. coli O157:H7 and were all culture negative. Non...

BACKGROUND We report a case of mucormycosis in a healthy 17-year-old accident victim with multiple abdominal injuries which was caused by infection with Absidia Corymbifera, a ubiquitous saphrophyte in the ground. CASE PRESENTATION The patient was admitted to hospital with massive abdominal trauma. During an 8-hour emergency operation he received transfusions of compacted red blood cells, pla...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Domiciliary nebulisers are widely used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but nebuliser cleaning practice has not been assessed in patients with COPD who are often elderly and may have severe disease and multiple comorbidities. We aimed to evaluate microbial contamination of home nebulisers used by patients with COPD. METHODS Random microbiological assessme...