BACKGROUND The objective was to determine how postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is managed in Sweden today, and to relate the findings to a new evidence-based algorithm for the management of PMB. METHODS A questionnaire regarding the role of ultrasound and the use of different endometrial biopsy methods in the management of PMB was sent to all 61 gynecologic departments in Sweden. RESULTS Fifty...

Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) are widely used methods to determine diffusion coefficients. However, they often do not yield the same results. With the advent of camera-based imaging FCS, which measures the diffusion coefficient in each pixel of an image, and proper bleaching corrections, it is now possible to measure the diffus...

BACKGROUND Women's access to vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in the United States has declined steadily since the mid-1990s, with a current rate of 8.2%. In the State of Florida, less than 1% of women with a previous cesarean deliver vaginally. This downturn is thought to be largely related to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) VBAC guidelines, which mandate that...

Does immigration accelerate sectoral change towards high-productivity sectors? This paper uses the mass displacement of ethnic Germans from Eastern Europe to West Germany after World War II as a natural experiment to study this question. A simple two-sector model of the economy, in which moving costs prevent the marginal product of labor to be equalized across sectors, predicts that immigration...

Sphingolipids are essential components of eukaryotic cell membranes. We recently showed that the function of the serotonin(1A) receptor is impaired upon metabolic depletion of sphingolipids using fumonisin B(1) (FB(1)), a specific inhibitor of ceramide synthase. Serotonin(1A) receptors belong to the family of G-protein coupled receptors and are implicated in the generation and modulation of var...

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) enables characterization of quantitative dynamic properties such as diffusion coefficients of fluorescent molecules in living cells by analyzing the recovery of fluorescence intensity after photobleaching in a specific cellular compartment or area. To quantitatively determine high intracellular diffusion coefficients, a suitable optical system a...

Studies of actin dynamics at the leading edge of motile cells with single-molecule speckle (SiMS) microscopy have shown a broad distribution of EGFP-actin speckle lifetimes and indicated actin polymerization and depolymerization over an extended region. Other experiments using FRAP with the same EGFP-actin as a probe have suggested, by contrast, that polymerization occurs exclusively at the lea...

OBJECTIVES To determine whether the obstetric pathways leading to caesarean section changed from one decade to another. We also aimed to explore how much of the increase in caesarean rate could be attributed to maternal and pregnancy factors including a shift towards delivery in private hospitals. DESIGN Population-based record linkage cohort study. SETTING New South Wales, Australia. PAR...

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) is a widely used tool for estimating mobility parameters of fluorescently tagged molecules in cells. Despite the widespread use of confocal laser scanning microscopes (CLSMs) to perform photobleaching experiments, quantitative data analysis has been limited by lack of appropriate practical models. Here, we present a new approximate FRAP model fo...

In 2000, 22.9 percent of all births in the United States occurred by CD. This rate is the highest total CD rate reported since data collection began in 1989. The vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) rate, defined as the proportion of women with a prior CD who delivered vaginally, steadily increased from 1989 to 1996. As allowing TOL became more common, practice variation became a larger concern,...