Sir, Hereditary myopathy with early respiratory failure (HMERF) is a neuromuscular disease associated with aggregation of various proteins in muscle fibres and muscle degeneration (Fig. 1) and was described in detail in several families by Edström et al. (1990). Linkage analyses indicated that the disease locus was in the distal part of the long arm of chromosome 2 (Nicolao et al., 1999). Titin...

Drug discovery, development and registration is an expensive and time-consuming process associated with a high failure rate [Pessetto et al. (Mol Cancer Ther 12:1299-1309, 2013), Woodcock and Woosley (Annu Rev Med 59:1-12, 2008)]. Drug 'repurposing' is the identification of new therapeutic purposes for already approved drugs and is more affordable and achievable than novel drug discovery [Pesse...

Applications of copulas are too numerous to list. Some recent applications have been: simulation of multivariate sea storms (Corbella and Stretch, 2013); dependence structure between the stock and foreign exchange markets (Wang et al., 2013); operational risk management (Arbenz, 2013); portfolio optimization in the presence of dependent financial returns with long memory (Boubaker and Sghaier, ...

One of the major missions of animal virology is to understand how viruses replicate and cause asymptomatic/symptomatic conditions in individuals (Nomaguchi and Adachi, 2010). It is especially important for virologists who work on viruses pathogenic for humans to elucidate bases underlying the in vivo viral characteristics. Toward this end, animal model studies in some ways are necessary to prec...

References 1 Olivola, C.Y. et al. (2014) Social attributions from faces bias human choices. Trends Cogn. Sci. 18, 566–570 2 Tskhay, K.O. and Rule, N.O. (2013) Accuracy in categorizing perceptually ambiguous groups: a review and meta-analysis. Pers. Soc. Psychol. Rev. 17, 72–86 3 Bonnefon, J.F. et al. (2013) The modular nature of trustworthiness detection. J. Exp. Psychol. Gen. 142, 143–150 4 De...

REFERENCES 1. Gibbings D et al (2012) Nat Cell Biol 14: 1314–1321 2. Derrien B et al (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 15942–15946 3. Zhang P, Zhang H (2013) EMBO Rep [Epub ahead of print] doi:10.1038/embor.2013.53 4. Brodersen P et al (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 1778–1783 5. Shi Z, Ruvkun G (2012) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109: 4568–4573 6. Stalder L et al (2013) EMBO J 32: 1115–1127 7. G...

Scyphomedusae undergo a predictable ontogenetic transition from a conserved, universal larval form to a diverse array of adult morphologies. This transition entails a change in bell morphology from a highly discontinuous ephyral form, with deep clefts separating eight discrete lappets, to a continuous solid umbrella-like adult form. We used a combination of kinematic, modeling, and flow visuali...

470 Extracardiac endothelium patterns embryonic coronary arterio-venous connections JM. Perez-Pomares1; E. Cano2; R. Carmona1; A. Ruiz-Villalba3; A. Rojas4; Y-Y. Chau5; KD. Wagner6; N. Wagner6; ND. Hastie5; R. Munoz-Chapuli1 University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro Andaluz de Biologı́a Molecul...

Et Tu, Torsten? This critique of my Economic Policy paper generates many emotions. It is certainly an honor for my research to be taken seriously by such an eminent scholar as my friend Torsten Persson. And while any publicity is good, a negative citation dominates a positive one. There is irony; I came up with the original idea in a hallway conversation with Harry Flam a few feet from Persson’...