wheat production with the least use of chemical inputs is an important goal of modern farming to decrease of negative effects of the use of chemical inputs. this paper has estimated the virtual profit of organic wheat in transition period using a cross sectional data of 453 wheat producers of khorasan razavi province during 2007. a model introduced to this objective so that it has ability of es...

water is one of the most valuable natural resources in human societies which is demanded by different parts of the society, and as one of the main inputs of production in agriculture has a special role in the agricultural sustainable development. nowadays, the consumption of water is more than the supply, and its highest consumption is in agriculture. this study scrutinized the role of manageme...

Simple nitrogen (N) input/output balance calculations in agricultural systems are used to evaluate performance of nutrient management; however, they generally rely on extensive assumptions that do not consider leaching, denitrification, or annual depletion of soil N. We constructed a relatively complete N mass balance for the Big Ditch watershed, an extensively tile-drained agricultural watersh...

Running any dairy enterprise is a risky activity: the profitability of the enterprise is affected by the price fluctuation of feed and animal health products from inputs, as well as by the fluctuation of end-product prices. Under these circumstances, it is essential for the cattle breeders, in order to survive, to harness the reserves in management as effectively as possible. In this research t...

abstract some issues such as dehydration, local and chronological disproportion of rainfall, low productivity of water in agricultural sector, increasing demand for agricultural products due to increase in population participate with doughtiness are the most challenges of agricultural water. these factors caused water to be as one of the important and scarce inputs is agricultural products. the...

Pesticides serve as indispensable inputs to ensure the optimal provision of agricultural commodities, thus exerting a significant influence on quality and yield food [...]