abstract the temperature of water entering the soil or variation in soil temperature has a direct impact on soil hydraulic conductivity via the effect on water viscosity. in this research, the time variability of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity (ks) was studied. the relation between soil temperature and fluid viscosity with hydraulic conductivity were also studied. the necessary experimen...

Postojna Cave is the biggest of 12 show caves in Slovenia. Because of elevated radon concentrations, it has been under permanent radon survey since 1995 [1]. The driving force for air movement in the cave, and thus the inflow of fresh air and release of the cave air to the atmosphere, is the temperature difference between the cave air and outdoors [2]. In our study, we intend to predict radon c...

The air-side economizers have been developed as a major class of energy-saving equipment to enhance the energy efficiency of central air-conditioning systems by taking advantage of outdoor air during cool or cold weather. In current practice, the outdoor air damper is controlled to maintain either the maximum or minimum opening by comparing the outdoor air temperature/enthalpy with the setpoint...

BACKGROUND A new underbody forced-air warming system is available for use during cardiac surgery. We tested the hypothesis combining underbody forced-air warming with standard thermal management would maintain intraoperative core temperature and reduce core temperature after-drop (largest decrease in core temperature in the 60 min after bypass) in patients undergoing near-normothermic cardiopul...

This study presents a method used for predicting the air temperature distribution in an urbanized area from the surface temperature of trees. A strong trend of urbanization can be observed whole over the world (United Nations Centre for Human Settlement, 1996). It is well known and documented that urbanization can have significant effects on local weather and climate (Landsberg, 1981). One of t...

Infrared thermography was used to measure heat transfer by radiation and the surface temperature of starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (N=4) flying in a wind tunnel at 6-14 m s-1 and at 15-25 degrees C. Heat transfer by forced convection was calculated from bird surface temperature and biophysical modelling of convective heat transfer coefficients. The legs, head and ventral brachial areas (under the...

This paper reports on two types of comparisons that were conducted. First, 10-yr modeled skin temperatures were compared with observations to evaluate model simulations of this quantity. The simulations were conducted with the NCAR CCM2 coupled with the Biosphere–Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS). The observations were obtained from TIROS-N/HIRS-2 and the First ISLSCP Field Experiment in situ m...

Iteration method for simultaneous estimation of vertical profiles of air temperature and water vapor with the high spectral resolution of sounder of AQUA/AIRS data is proposed. Through a sensitivity analysis based on the proposed method for the several atmospheric models simulated by MODTRAN, it is found that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method by 41.4% for air temperatur...

Previously, it was reported that week-old rats exposed to air temperatures that elicited submaximal levels of heat production (designated moderate cold exposure) remained asleep and did not vocalize (Blumberg & Stolba, 1996). In contrast, pups exposed to air temperatures that elicited maximal levels of heat production (designated extreme cold exposure) woke up and emitted ultrasonic vocalizatio...