background: measuring and monitoring of air pollutants are one of environmental and all' pollution controls tools. due to lack of widespread data in iran, this study was performed to estimate the trends of major pollutant emissions to atmosphere in the uk from 1980 to 1996. methods: this investigation is a retrospective study that the data were collected from the departments of environment, tra...

Advances in aircraft automation, air traffic control automation, communication, and surveillance systems provide the means for more efficient future Air Traffic Management (ATM). ATM systems that effectively leverage these technologies could conceivably help airlines save fuel and reduce noise and delays while also improving safety. Designing such systems, however, poses a considerable challeng...

In this investigation, eight Air Force air traffic controllers (ATCs) performed three scenarios on TRACON (Terminal Radar Approach Control), a computer-based air traffic control (ATC) simulation. Two scenarios were used each with three levels of difficulty. One scenario varied traffic volume by manipulating the number of aircraft to be handled and the second scenario varied traffic complexity b...

With increasing levels of air traffic making effective use of limited airport capacity is obviously important. This paper reports on an investigation undertaken by National Air Traffic Services in the UK into improving runway utilisation at London Heathrow. This investigation centred on developing an algorithm for improving the scheduling of aircraft waiting to land. The heuristic algorithm dev...

Land use regression (LUR) models have been globally used to estimate long-term air pollution exposures. The present study aimed to analyze the association of different land use types and traffic measures with air pollutants in Tehran, Iran, as part of the future development of LUR models. Data of the particulate matter (PM10), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were extracted from...

However, as described in the following table, the band 2 700-2 900 MHz is allocated worldwide on a primary basis to radionavigation service, used for air surveillance radars (ASR), including radars providing air surveillance and air traffic control, as well as meteorological radars that are afforded equal status to the aeronautical radionavigation system (ARNS) for operation in this band under ...

The design of future air traffic management (ATM) systems appears as a grand challenge. Because of its very large scale, complexity, and dynamicity, we believe that the future of air traffic management lies in hybrid distributed cooperative control systems, including human experts (air traffic controllers) and also intelligent computer support through artificial agents. Such artificial agents c...

BACKGROUND The objective of the research work is to assess day time traffic noise level at curbside open-air microenvironment of Kolkata city, India under heterogeneous environmental conditions. RESULTS Prevailing traffic noise level in terms of A-weighted equivalent noise level (Leq) at the microenvironment was in excess of 12.6 ± 2.1 dB(A) from the day time standard of 65 dB(A) for commerci...

This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Government assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. Three topics with impact on. the per fomdnce of Air-t& Sate.llite-to-Ground Systems for Air Traffic Control Surveillance are addressed in detail: l)vulnerability to. intentional jming, ...

The U.S. air traffic control system is reliant on legacy systems that artificially limit air traffic capacity. With the demand for air transportation increasing each year, the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration has introduced the Next Generation (NextGen) upgrade to modernize the air traffic control system. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B), a key component of the NextGen upg...